tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-82459286063896153452023-11-15T07:40:05.188-08:00Writing a research essayEssay On Topic Environmental Degradationmeredithtaylhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04383045893146065377noreply@blogger.comBlogger80125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8245928606389615345.post-55987758296913339972020-08-27T23:19:00.001-07:002020-08-27T23:19:07.154-07:00Sociological Perspectives on Health and Illness free essay sampleHow might we characterize wellbeing? Envision a continuum with wellbeing toward one side and passing on the other. In the introduction to its 1946 constitution, the World Health Organization characterized wellbeing as a ââ¬Å"state of complete physical, mental, and social prosperity, and not only the nonappearance of malady and infirmityâ⬠(Leavell and Clark 1965:14). In this definition, the ââ¬Å"healthyâ⬠end of the continuum speaks to a perfect instead of an exact condition. Along the continuum, individuals characterize themselves as solid or wiped out based on models set up without anyone else and family members, companions, colleagues, and clinical experts. Since wellbeing is relative, at that point, we can see it in a social setting and consider how it shifts in various circumstances or societies. How can it be that you may view yourself as debilitated or well when others don't concur? Who controls meanings of wellbeing and sickness in our general public, and for what closes? What are simply the results of review (or of being seen) as sick or debilitated? By drawing on four sociological perspectivesââ¬functionalism, struggle hypothesis, interactionism, and naming theoryââ¬we can increase more noteworthy understanding into the social setting that shapes meanings of wellbeing and the treatment of ailment. Functionalist Approach Illness involves breaks in our social collaborations, both at work and at home. From a functionalist point of view, being wiped out must subsequently be controlled, with the goal that not very numerous individuals are discharged from their cultural obligations at any one time. Functionalists battle that an excessively expansive meaning of ailment would upset the operations of a general public. In U. S. society, individuals who are wiped out should remain at home andâ⬠¦ Sickness necessitates that one interpretation of a social job, if just incidentally. The wiped out job alludes to cultural assumptions regarding the perspectives and conduct of an individual saw as being sick. Humanist Talcott Parsons (1951, 1975), notable for his commitments to functionalist hypothesis, illustrated the conduct expected of individuals who are viewed as wiped out. They are excluded from their ordinary, everyday obligations and by and large don't languish fault over their condition. However they are committed to attempt to recover, which incorporates looking for equipped expert consideration. This commitment emerges from the basic view that sickness is broken, on the grounds that it can sabotage social strength. Endeavoring to get well is especially significant in the worldââ¬â¢s creating nations. Present day computerized modern social orders can assimilate a more prominent level of sickness or incapacity than agricultural or agrarian social orders, in which the accessibility of laborers is unmistakably increasingly basic (Conrad 2009b). As indicated by Parsonsââ¬â¢s hypothesis, doctors work as guardians for the debilitated job. They confirm a patientââ¬â¢s condition either as ââ¬Å"illnessâ⬠or as ââ¬Å"recovered. â⬠The evil individual gets reliant on the doctor, in light of the fact that the last can control esteemed prizes (treatment of ailment, yet in addition pardoned unlucky deficiencies from work and school). Parsons proposes that the physicianââ¬patient relationship is to some degree like that among parent and youngster. Like a parent, the doctor causes the patient to enter society as a full and working grown-up (Weitz 2007). utilize your sociological creative mind Describe a few circumstances you have seen that represent various meanings of the ââ¬Å"sick job. The idea of the wiped out job isn't without analysis. To start with, patientsââ¬â¢ decisions in regards to their own condition of wellbeing might be identified with their sexual orientation, age, social class, and ethnic gathering. For instance, more youthful individuals may neglect to recognize notice indications of a perilous ailment, while older individuals may concentrate a lot on the smallest physical disease. Second, the debilitated job might be progressively material to individuals who are encountering momentary diseases than to those with repeating, long haul ailments. At long last, even straightforward elements, for example, regardless of whether an individual is utilized, appear to influence oneââ¬â¢s eagerness to accept the debilitated roleââ¬as does the effect of socialization into a specific occupation or action. For instance, starting in youth, competitors figure out how to characterize certain infirmities as ââ¬Å"sports injuriesâ⬠and consequently don't see themselves as ââ¬Å"sick. â⬠Nonetheless, sociologists keep on depending on Parsonsââ¬â¢s model for functionalist investigation of the connection among ailment and cultural desires for the wiped out (Curry 1993). Struggle Approach Conflict scholars see that the clinical calling has expected a superiority that stretches out well past whether to pardon an understudy from school or a worker from work. Humanist Eliot Freidson (1970:5) has compared the situation of medication today to that of state religions yesterdayââ¬it has a formally endorsed imposing business model of the option to characterize wellbeing and sickness and to treat ailment. Struggle scholars utilize the term medicalization of society to allude to the developing job of medication as a significant organization of social control (Conrad 2009a; McKinlay and McKinlay 1977; Zola 1972, 1983). The Medicalization of Society Social control includes procedures and systems for controlling conduct so as to authorize the unmistakable standards and estimations of a culture. Commonly, we consider casual social control as happening inside families and friend gatherings, and formal social control as being completed by approved operators, for example, cops, judges, school managers, and businesses. Seen from a contention point of view, be that as it may, medication isn't just a ââ¬Å"healing professionâ⬠; it is a managing instrument. How does medication show its social control? To begin with, medication has significantly extended its area of aptitude in ongoing decades. Doctors currently look at a wide scope of issues, among them sexuality, mature age, uneasiness, corpulence, kid advancement, liquor addiction, and chronic drug use. We endure this development of the limits of medication since we trust that these specialists can bring new ââ¬Å"miracle curesâ⬠to complex human issues, as they have to the control of certain irresistible sicknesses. The social importance of this growing medicalization is that once an issue is seen utilizing a clinical modelââ¬once clinical specialists become compelling in proposing and surveying applicable open policiesââ¬it turns out to be progressively hard for average citizens to join the conversation and apply effect on dynamic. It additionally turns out to be progressively hard to see these issues as being formed by social, social, or mental elements, as opposed to just by physical or clinical elements (Caplan 1989; Conrad 2009a). Second, medication fills in as an operator of social control by holding outright ward over numerous human services methods. It has even endeavored to watch its purview by putting social insurance experts, for example, chiropractors and attendant birthing specialists outside the domain of worthy medication. In spite of the way that birthing assistants initially carried demonstrable skill to youngster conveyance, they have been depicted as having attacked the ââ¬Å"legitimateâ⬠field of obstetrics, both in the United States and Mexico. Attendant birthing specialists have looked for permitting as an approach to accomplish proficient decency, however doctors keep on applying capacity to guarantee that maternity care stays a subordinate occupation (Scharnberg 2007). Disparities in Health Care The medicalization of society is nevertheless one worry of contention scholars as they survey the functions of human services establishments. As we have seen all through this course reading, in breaking down any issue, strife scholars look to figure out who benefits, who endures, and who commands to the detriment of others. Seen from a contention viewpoint, glaring imbalances exist in medicinal services conveyance in the United States. For instance, poor zones will in general be underserved in light of the fact that clinical administrations concentrate where individuals are well off. Thus, from a worldwide viewpoint, clear imbalances exist in human services conveyance. Today, the United States has around 27 doctors for every 10,000 individuals, while African countries have less than 1 for every 10,000. This circumstance is just compounded by the cerebrum drainââ¬the movement to the United States and other industrialized countries of talented laborers, experts, and specialists who are frantically required in their nations of origin. As a major aspect of this cerebrum channel, doctors, attendants, and other human services experts have gone to the United States from creating nations, for example, India, Pakistan, and different African states. Strife scholars see their resettlement out of the Third World up 'til now another manner by which the worldââ¬â¢s center industrialized countries upgrade their personal satisfaction to the detriment of creating nations. One way the creating nations endure is in lower future. In Africa and a lot of Latin America and Asia, future is far lower than in industrialized countries (Bureau of the Census 2009a; World Bank 2009). Figure 15-1 Infant Mortality Rates In Selected Countries Conflict scholars accentuate that imbalances in medicinal services have clear life-and-passing results. From a contention point of view, the sensational contrasts in baby death rates far and wide (Figure 15-1) reflect, in any event to a limited extent, inconsistent appropriation of social insurance assets dependent on the riches or neediness of different countries. The baby death rate is the quantity of passings of newborn children under 1 year old for each 1,000 live births in a given year. This measure is a significant pointer of a societyââ¬â¢s level of medicinal services; it reflects pre-birth sustenance, conveyance methodology, and newborn child screening measures. All things considered, in spite of the abundance of the United States, in any event 46 countries have lower newborn child death rates, among them Canada, Sweden, and Japan. Struggle scholars bring up that, in contrast to the United States, these nations offer some type of government-upheld social insurance for all residents, which typic meredithtaylhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04383045893146065377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8245928606389615345.post-10188888619726894262020-08-22T23:40:00.001-07:002020-08-22T23:40:33.010-07:00Pro Capital Punishment Essay Example for FreeExpert Capital Punishment Essay As per my examination there are a few people who accept capital punishment is correct in light of the fact that it is more secure to end one sentenced life than to hazard the lives of other honest individuals. Capital punishment is most usually lawful just for the most outrageous cases, for example, planned homicide. Indeed, even in case of homicide, out of the 15,000 submitted every year, we are just currently arriving at the 1,000 execution mark following thirty years! This obviously shows the individuals who might be professional the death penalty despite everything use it sparingly. Likewise backing up the conviction for utilizing the death penalty are various accounts of killers who, in the wake of being discharged from jail, just murdered once more. One such record peruses, ââ¬Å"In 1985, 13-year-old Karen Patterson was shot to death in her bed in North Charleston, S.C. Her executioner was a neighbor who had just served 10 years of a lifelong incarceration for killing his stepbrother Charles in 1970. The killer, Joe Atkins, cut the Pattersons telephone lines, at that point entered bearing a blade, a sawed-off shotgun, and a gun. Karens guardians were driven out of their home by Atkins. Karens mother rushed to the Atkins home close by, where Joe then killed his received dad, Benjamin Atkins, 75, who had attempted to convince parole specialists to discharge Joe from the life sentence.â⬠Other records show that a lifelong incarceration just isn't in every case enough to prevent an individual from rehashing their wrongdoings. ââ¬Å"In 1965, Robert Massie killed mother of two Mildred Weiss in San Gabriel, Calif., during a follow-home theft. Hours before execution, a stay was given so Massie could affirm against his associate. Massies sentence was driven to life when the Supreme Court ended executions in 1972. Accepting an undeserved additional opportunity, Massie was paroled, however after eight months ransacked and killed businessperson Boris Naumoff in San Francisco.â⬠From a strict point of view a religion that endorses the death penalty in specific situations is Islam. As per the Quââ¬â¢ran in Alââ¬â¢ Maââ¬â¢idah 5:33 ââ¬Å"The discipline of the individuals who take up arms against Allah and His errand person and endeavor to make defilement (Fasad) in the land is just this, that they ought to be killed or executed or their hands and their feet ought to be cut off on inverse sides or they ought to be ousted from the land; this will be as a disrespect for them in this world, and in the great beyond they will have an appalling chastisementâ⬠This shows they have faith in capital punishment for the individuals who essentially motivation debasement or bring disfavor upon Islam, particularly if the culprit is a previous Muslim. The other defense for capital punishment, as per Islam, is murder. In the event that anybody executes an individual except if it be for homicide or for spreading naughtiness in the land it would be as though he slaughtered all individuals. What's more, on the off chance that anybody spares a real existence, it would be as though he spared the life surprisingly (Quran 5:32). This clearly expresses killers ought to experience a similar punishment as the wrongdoing they commited. My own convictions about the death penalty are decently in the center of the street. From one perspective I don't trust it is corrupt for crooks to be executed, as the Bible plainly embraced the thought in the Old Testament In Genesis 9:6 it says ââ¬Å" Whoso sheddeth manââ¬â¢s blood, by man will his blood be shed: for in the picture of God made he man.â⬠The New Testament obviously contains a greater amount of the ââ¬Å"graceâ⬠approach and consequently I will in general lean more that way. Albeit even in the New Testament the Bible states in Romans 13: 4 ââ¬Å" For he ( the police, judges, and so on.) is the clergyman of God to thee for good. Be that as it may, if thou do what is abhorrent, be apprehensive; for he beareth not the blade futile, a revenger to execute anger upon him that doeth evil.â⬠Clearly this underwrites the death penalty for scoundrels. Then again, individuals in America are decided as blameworthy by a gathering of individuals who put forth a valiant effort however can scarcely be 100% certain on their decision. Human mistak e may cause and no uncertainty has made some honest individuals be sentenced to death while a portion of the liable wander indiscriminately among us. That makes me uncomfortable, and is upsetting. However, is that an authentic motivation to get rid of capital punishment? That is a hard inquiry to reply, yet I accept the appropriate response is no. I accept there are sure situations where the death penalty is completely vital, yet I need to state that I would not have any desire to be the person who settles on that choice. How would you judge which life is more significant than another? The other inquiry has to do with whether the death penalty is really an obstruction to others from carrying out violations. There are solid contentions on the two sides of that question yet it is difficult to judge when due to the interests procedure and different deferrals and formality, just a little level of those condemned ever get put to death. I allude back to the way that just around 1000 individuals have been executed during the most recent 30 years when there have been about a large portion of a million homicides in America! So the contenti on that death penalty is certifiably not an impediment to wrongdoing conveys no weight to me. In this manner, it is as yet my own conviction that death penalty ought to be utilized, with carefulness, after a reasonable preliminary, and in specific cases, yet I additionally accept that once the choice has been made, it ought to be executed with a lot more noteworthy speed. Death row shouldnââ¬â¢t be a mile long. I accept that once the appointed authority has given the sentence, there ought to be an a lot quicker procedure to the day of execution. I abhor the idea of an honest individual being executed, yet much more dreadful are the a huge number of casualties who are left without feeling that equity was accomplished for their friends and family and the millions who are in danger as a result of the mercy of our equity framework. My accomplice and I got along very well. We had a simple time talking about our material and he was not hard to manage. He invested the energy given looking into, and stayed in contact with me to survey our introductions. At the point when we met th e following day, he was there at the time settled upon and +wasnââ¬â¢t loaded with grievances, which I appreciate. Brandon is a decent accomplice and I would work with him once more. meredithtaylhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04383045893146065377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8245928606389615345.post-71203297258815422362020-08-22T13:33:00.001-07:002020-08-22T13:33:33.247-07:00Aztec Art and Culture :: essays papersAztec Art and Culture The Aztec country is one of the biggest and most progressive Indian countries to ever exist on earth. Pretty much all aspects of the Aztec life was advance to such an express, that around then of the world the individuals were living superior to numerous European countries. The Aztec country is interesting in its history, economy, condition, and lifestyle then some other country around then. The Aztec Indians, who are known for their mastery of southern and focal Mexico, administered between the fourteenth and sixteenth hundreds of years. They constructed an incredible domain and grew modernized methods of getting things done. The Aztecs had marvelous structural abilities and conduit frameworks. The Indians additionally had extremely evolved social class and government frameworks and rehearsed a type of religion. In any case, the Aztecs were exceptionally talented in the specialty of Architecture and conduit frameworks. ââ¬Å"An case of the stupendous design inside the Aztec society is the extraordinary pyramid of Tenochtitlan. Montezuma I, who was the leader of the Aztecs in 1466, made it. The pyramid was not completed until the standard of Montezuma II, around 1508. Aztec urban communities and towns additionally had working drinking water and waste treatment frameworks. A perplexing pipes framework utilizing earth pipes ran down from the mountains around Mexico valley to the entirety of the towns and urban communities in the valley. As the water ran into every town or city it was scattered to 10 or 12 places around town were it streamed into a pool for drinking water or was siphoned into open showers and toilets. Just nobles had working drinking and washing frameworks with running water in their homes. The sewage framework worked a lot of like today, having human squanders conveyed to an assortment pool where solids were gathered, and afterward having fluids run off into a progression of porches which separated the water. Strong squanders were permitted to sit in an assortment pool for around a half year and afterward were brought to the lake nurseries to be utilized as fertilizerâ⬠(Jennings, Aztec, Pg. 220). At the base of the pile were sl aves and serfs, or the Tlacotli, who worked the private terrains of the respectability. Next came the Macehualtin, ââ¬Ëthe fortunate,ââ¬â¢ as they were called in light of the fact that they were similarly liberated from the substantial duty of the respectability and of the slaveââ¬â¢s obligation to being basely utilized. They were the shippers, retailers and craftsmans that made up the main part of the populace. meredithtaylhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04383045893146065377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8245928606389615345.post-17546579470428407832020-08-21T21:22:00.001-07:002020-08-21T21:22:15.163-07:00The Comission of the new Saint Peter's, and the role of Indulgences Research PaperThe Comission of the new Saint Peter's, and the job of Indulgences behind it - Research Paper Example The double dealing and viability of papacy and clerics prompted boss uprisings. This came about to parting and rebuilding of the church building. With Martin Luther of Germany, came the resurrection of another belief system of protestant church. Extravagance brought worldââ¬â¢s preeminent cerebrum works and abilities of Michelangelo, Bramante, Bernini and Raphael together. They were all working set out toward an all inclusive target, which is making the most superb and strict area on the planet. Michelangelo, the main draftsman of St Peters, at the time accomplished a moving work even to the unbelievers. He feels free to state in spite of defilement and realism, the basilica was justified, despite all the trouble all. Guilty pleasure applies just to the living (Justice 189). The congregation sees its position at perfect and self-broadcasts itself as impeccable and noble yet it clearly shows stunning pace of intensity misuse and failings. In the medieval occasions the congregation offered guilty pleasures to fabricate an asylum. This doesn't legitimize church tenets and specifically papacy pentagram of organization of the congregation and magisteriumââ¬â¢s decisions. The Catholic Church wonderfully kept from possibility of blunder in her definitive instructing on issues of commitment and profound quality yet in those difficult occasions, the congregation fell conflictingly with its conventions and alleviated limitations of reliability in papacy. The congregation instructs that evasion of common wealth, rule and assets as a quality of profound occupation amusingly. The popes and the early churchmen subsidized the structure of the house of prayer from guilty pleasure, debasement and abuse of intensity. The congregation trained that petition and typical r equest in the ceremonies may spare man from everlasting perdition rather than Godââ¬â¢s beauty as cited by Luther. The congregation allowed guilty pleasure paid in coins affirmed by Pope Adrian 1 out of 780 (Pastor 234). This implied one could submit meredithtaylhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04383045893146065377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8245928606389615345.post-85579341656258471082020-08-21T11:15:00.001-07:002020-08-21T11:15:34.443-07:00Gen. Henry Hap Arnold - World War II HistoryGen. Henry Hap Arnold - World War II History Henry Harley Arnold (conceived at Gladwyne, PA on June 25, 1886) had a military profession peppered with numerous triumphs and not many disappointments. He was the main official to hold the position of General of the Air Force. He kicked the bucket January 15,â 1950â and was covered at Arlington National Cemetery. Early Life The child of a specialist, Henry Harley Arnold was conceived at Gladwyne, PA on June 25, 1886. Going to Lower Merion High School, he graduated in 1903 and applied to West Point. Entering the foundation, he demonstrated an eminent prankster yet just a person on foot understudy. Graduating in 1907, he positioned 66th out of a class of 111. In spite of the fact that he wanted to enter the mounted force, his evaluations and disciplinary record forestalled this and he was allocated to the 29th Infantry as a subsequent lieutenant. Arnold at first fought this task at the end of the day yielded and joined his unit in the Philippines. Figuring out how to Fly While there, he got to know Captain Arthur Cowan of the US Army Signal Corps. Working with Cowan, Arnold supported in making maps of Luzon. After two years, Cowan was requested to assume responsibility for the Signal Corps recently shaped Aeronautical Division. As a major aspect of this new task, Cowan was coordinated to select two lieutenants for pilot preparing. Reaching Arnold, Cowan educated of the youthful lieutenants enthusiasm for acquiring an exchange. After certain deferrals, Arnold was moved to the Signal Corps in 1911 and started flight preparing at the Wright Brothers flying school in Dayton, OH. Taking his first performance trip on May 13, 1911, Arnold earned his pilot permit later that mid year. Sent to College Park, MD with his preparation accomplice, Lieutenant Thomas Millings, he set a few elevation precedents just as turned into the main pilot to convey US Mail. Throughout the following year, Arnold started to build up a dread of flying subsequent to seeing and being a piece of a few accidents. In spite of this, he won the renowned Mackay Trophy in 1912 for the most worthy trip of the year. On November 5, Arnold endure a close deadly accident at Fort Riley, KS and expelled himself from flight status. Coming back to the Air Coming back to the infantry, he was again presented on the Philippines. While there he met first Lieutenant George C. Marshall and the two became deep rooted companions. In January 1916, Major Billy Mitchell offered Arnold an advancement to skipper in the event that he came back to flying. Tolerating, he went back to College Park for obligation as the flexibly official for the Aviation Section, US Signal Corps. That fall, helped by his companions in the flying network, Arnold conquered his dread of flying. Sent to Panama in mid 1917 to discover an area for a runway, he was in transit back to Washington when he learned of the US passage into World War I. World War I In spite of the fact that he wanted to go to France, Arnolds flying experience prompted him being held in Washington at the Aviation Sections base camp. Elevated to the transitory positions of major and colonel, Arnold regulated the Information Division and campaigned for the entry of a huge avionics apportionments bill. In spite of the fact that for the most part fruitless, he increased important knowledge into arranging the governmental issues of Washington just as the turn of events and obtainment of airplane. In the mid year of 1918, Arnold was dispatched to France to brief General John J. Pershing on new avionics advancements. Interwar Years Following the war, Mitchell was moved to the enhanced US Army Air Service and was presented on Rockwell Field, CA. While there, he created associations with future subordinates, for example, Carl Spaatz and Ira Eaker. Subsequent to going to the Army Industrial College, he came back to Washington to the Office of the Chief of Air Service, Information Division, where he turned into a passionate supporter of the now-Brigadier General Billy Mitchell. At the point when the straightforward Mitchell was court-martialed in 1925, Arnold took a chance with his profession by affirming for the benefit of the air power advocate. For this and for releasing star airpower data to the press, he was expertly ousted to Fort Riley in 1926 and provided order of the sixteenth Observation Squadron. While there, he got to know Major General James Fechet, the new leader of the US Army Air Corps. Mediating for Arnolds benefit, Fechet had him sent to the Command and General Staff School. Graduating in 1929, his vocation started to advance again and he held an assortment of peacetime orders. In the wake of winning a second Mackay Trophy in 1934 for a trip to Alaska, Arnold was provided order of the Air Corps First Wing in March 1935 and elevated to brigadier general. That December, against his desires, Arnold came back to Washington and was made Assistant Chief of the Air Corps with duty regarding acquisition and gracefully. In September 1938, his boss, Major General Oscar Westover, was executed in an accident. Presently, Arnold was elevated to significant general and made Chief of the Air Corps. In this job, he started plans for growing the Air Corps to put it comparable to Army Ground Forces. He additionally started pushing an enormous, long haul innovative work motivation with the objective improving the Air Corps hardware. World War II With the developing risk from Nazi Germany and Japan, Arnold guided research endeavors to abuse existing advancements and drove the improvement of airplane, for example, the Boeing B-17 and Consolidated B-24. Likewise, he started pushing for examination into the improvement of stream motors. With the production of the US Army Air Forces in June 1941, Arnold was made Chief of the Army Air Forces and acting Deputy Chief of Staff for Air. Given a level of self-governance, Arnold and his staff started arranging fully expecting the US passage into World War II. Following the assault on Pearl Harbor, Arnold was elevated to lieutenant general and started establishing his war plans which required the barrier of the Western Hemisphere just as aeronautical offensives against Germany and Japan. Under his aegis, the USAAF made various flying corps for sending in the different performance centers of battle. As the vital bombarding effort initiated in Europe, Arnold kept on squeezing for the improvement of new airplane, for example, the B-29 Superfortress, and bolster hardware. Starting in mid 1942, Arnold was named Commanding General, USAAF and made an individual from the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Combined Chiefs of Staff. Notwithstanding pushing for and supporting key shelling, Arnold upheld different activities, for example, the Doolittle Raid, the arrangement of the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASPs), just as discussed straightforwardly with his top administrators to find out their needs firsthand. Elevated to general in March 1943, he before long had the first of a few wartime respiratory failures. Recouping, he went with President Franklin Roosevelt to the Tehran Conference soon thereafter. With his airplane beating the Germans in Europe, he started concentrating on making the B-29 operational. Ruling against utilizing it Europe, he chose to convey it to the Pacific. Sorted out into the Twentieth Air Force, the B-29 power stayed under Arnolds individual order and flew first from bases in China and afterward the Marianas. Working with Major General Curtis LeMay, Arnold administered the crusade against the Japanese home islands. These assaults saw LeMay, with Arnolds endorsement, lead huge firebombing assaults on Japanese urban communities. The war at last reached a conclusion when Arnolds B-29s dropped the nuclear bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Later Life Following the war, Arnold set up Project RAND (Research and Development) which was entrusted with considering military issues. Heading out to South America in January 1946, he had to sever the outing due to declining wellbeing. As result, he resigned from dynamic help the next month and chose a farm in Sonoma, CA. Arnold spent his last years composing his journals and in 1949 had his last position changed to General of the Air Force. The main official to hold this position, he kicked the bucket on January 15, 1950 and was covered at Arlington National Cemetery. Chosen Sources HistoryNet: General Henry Hap ArnoldHenry H. Arnold meredithtaylhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04383045893146065377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8245928606389615345.post-32535615823944269212020-07-03T06:36:00.001-07:002020-07-03T06:36:02.763-07:00Postmodernism and Freudian Analysis - Literature Essay Samples Write a concise analytical description of Postmodernism in no more than 200 words. Postmodernism was a movement which took place in the Arts from the 1930s to 1980s, which sought not just to act as a continuation of modernism, but to attempt to reform its modes, which had themselves become conventional, as well as breaking away from elite high art to forms of mass culture, such as television, advertising, cartoons, and popular music. Western morale was threatened by the world-wide economic crisis and political division of the 1930s à this was later exacerbated by the experiences of Nazi totalitarianism, mass extermination, and the threat of the atomic bomb. In 1984, Orwell depicted societys fear of a totalitarian regime, as a mass consumer culture and centralised economy developed in the post-war period. There was a rejection of old ideals such as Marxism, Freudianism, and the Enlightenment Project. The literature of the period by authors such as Pynchon, Barthes, and Nabokov blen ded genres so as to avoid traditional classification, and the movement was also seen in Warhols pop art, the musical compositions of John Cage, and the films of Jean-Luc Godard. The value of the term is debated; some welcome it as a liberation from the hierarchy of high and low cultures, while sceptics see it as mindlessly glamorising consumer capitalism and its moral vacuity. In no more than 1300 words, debate the relative strengths and weaknesses of Freudian and psychoanalytic perspectives, and feminist and gender studies as approaches towards Sons and Lovers. Psychoanalytical and feminist approaches are two relatively recent critical responses towards literary texts. When applied to D. H. Lawrences Sons and Lovers, both can be insightful yet problematic at the same time. The theories of psychoanalysis, primarily identified with Sigmund Freud, can be applied to imaginative literature and art in general, in order to study their manifest and latent content, in the same way as Freud studied dreams. Literature clearly lends itself to such a study, since, like dreams, the most significant meaning often lies below the conscious surface narrative of a text. Feminist approaches towards literature are concerned with the portrayal of female characters. Lawrences representation of women in his work has been admired by many readers for its insight, women among them, and has been strongly attacked by others for its prejudiced male perspective. Classic psychoanalytic criticism applied the theories either to the author, or his or her characters, which were seen as internalised images that have come from the authors unconscious. The high autobiographical content of Sons and Lovers lends itself to this type of study. Also, if works of art are taken to be disguised expressions of an infantile wish driven into the unconscious, as Freud suggests, then Sons and Lovers is doubly of interest. It is about the fundamental infantile wish that all boys have and repress, according to F reud, the wish of Oedipus à to kill their father and marry their mother. Freuds theory of the Oedipus complex and of its frequent effect of psychical impotence, of which Paul is a classic victim, offers a valuable key to a coherent understanding of the novel and the way in which it is structured. The extent of the bond established between mother and son is most vividly dramatised by the episode where Pauls mother cries at the thought of losing him to Miriam: I cant bear it. I could let another woman -à but not her. Shed leave me no room, not a bit of roomà And immediately he hated Miriam bitterly.And Ive never -à you know, Paul à Ive never had a husband à - not really à He stroked his mothers hair, and his mouth was on her throat.(Lawrence, 1994, p. 212) Not only does she invite Paul to occupy the place of her husband, but she accuses Miriam of the same possessive love with which she smothers Paul. At the end of the chapter, Paul echoes Hamlet, another exemplary Oe dipal victim, when he tries to persuade his mother not to sleep with his father. At this point in the novel, the presence of an Oedipus complex in Paul is so patent that one can hardly consider it as a submerged theme. Looked at another way, a major theme of the book is the gradual awakening of Paul to the deadly effects of his Oedipal fixation on his mother. The penultimate chapter, tellingly called The Release, shows how Paul comes to reverse the Oedipal desire to kill the father by administering an overdose to his mother. One could say that he has finally learnt to direct his anger outwards to its source. A weakness of the psychoanalytic approach is the tendency to be too selective when choosing evidence from the texts to support the theories. Most interpretations of Sons and Lovers polarise Miriam and Clara as the two sexual objects desired by the psychically impotent Paul. Miriam, in her similarity to Gertrude, represents the woman Paul can only love by repressing desire, so wh y does Lawrence find it necessary to include the episode in which she and Paul become lovers? And if Clara is the harlot-mother Paul can enjoy sexually, what of the introduction of Baxter Dawes? It has been suggested that he acts as a father figure, so that by adultery, Paul can live out the Oedipal fantasy by proxy. At the same time, his guilt at breaking the incest taboo is strong enough for him to almost desire the punishment he receives during his fight with Dawes. The son-lover later arranges the reconciliation of his proxy parents, living out a fantasy in which the incestuous son undoes the harm he has caused to the marital relationship. One of the roles of feminist criticism is that of deconstructing texts written by men, by reversing the hierarchies, in order to detect prejudice and distortion beneath the appearance of natural behaviour. The first feminist critic to attempt this reversal of Sons and Lovers was Kate Millett in Sexual Politics. Despite obvious flaws such as pa rtiality and selective dealing with the text, her views permanently altered subsequent readers responses to the novel. The faults of selectivity and partiality have already been encountered in the failings of a psychoanalytic reading, and it also arises in Millets interpretation when she accuses Paul of unrepentant cruelty towards Miriam when he attempts to teach her algebra, for example. Her feminist reading has acutely discovered a streak of sadism in Pauls sexual relationship with Miriam, which may have gone unnoticed, yet her reading is dependant on an extremely partial reading of the text. The novel expresses how Paul repeatedly vacillates between anger and shame at his loss of temper: He was often cruelly ashamed. But still again his anger burst like a bubble surcharged; and still, when he saw her eager, silent, as it were, blind face, he felt he wanted to throw the pencil in it; and still when he saw her hand trembling, and her mouth parted with suffering, his heart was scald ed with pain for her.(Lawrence, 1994, p. 157) This quote shows that Milletts reading is dependent on too small a portion of the evidence. Having examined the curious episode where Paul hands Clara back to Baxter in terms of the enaction of a proxy Oedipal fantasy, (according to psychoanalysis,) we can reinterpret it separately via a feminist slant. Pauls actions, from a womans point of view, are offensive and arrogant, but with feminism, as with psychoanalysis, the novel is more complex that the narrowing summary offered by the reading suggests. Prior to this scene, Clara has been terrified by the death within Paul and can hardly wait to get away from him. Also, Clara is faced with a choice between Baxter, who is reliant on her, and Paul, who would demand her unquestioning loyalty and subservience. In choosing Baxter she is choosing personal freedom. There is certainly plenty of evidence for chauvinism on Lawrences part in the novel, and a feminism reading does well to expose this, but the impartial nature of the reading can often omit important information, and be unfair to Lawrence, and characters such as Walter Morel. In places, Walter cuts a rather sympathetic figure, and feminist studies can overlook this side to him. Lawrence often gives a voice in his text to the female Other, giving a narrative voice in places to all the predominant female characters, and the book is full of references to the economic oppression suffered by women. Lawrence itemises at length the amount of money Morel gives his wife, sympathises with Miriams degradation at the hands of the male members of her family, and describes the sweated work for pittance that Clara must undertake à the price for her sexual freedom. As a science and medical practice, psychoanalysis has proved to be inherently flawed, but its ideas and terminology have had a remarkable impact on our culture. A psychoanalytic reading of Sons and Lovers conveniently overlooks passages which may contradict its theor ies, and Freudianism doesnt account for individuality, since the characters do not exist in a social void, but essentially it has provided some of the most revealing critical observations since the texts publication. It does not just uncover the subtext (unconscious) of the novel, but focuses on symptomatic passages that illustrate the presence of the unconscious taking the text in its own direction, usually of repetition, as in the triangle between Paul, Clara and Baxter, mirroring that of Paul and his parents. Feminist readings have discovered overlooked women writers and promoted their study, and have enlightened this text in many places, but they can be selective, narrow, and unfair to male characters and the author. Characters are limited by both readings when they are transformed into stereotypes à Paul does not act the way he does because he is simply male, or he is simply the victim of an Oedipus complex. Paul is alienated from his father, not just as a result of his comp lex, but because the father works as part of the traditional working class set-up, and does not spend as much time with the children as the mother. One single reading of the novel will inevitably prevent the student from seeing the whole picture, since each perspective has its own priorities, and several need to be incorporated in order to fully realise all of the characters and understand the true workings of the novel. Bibliography Finney, B. (1990). Penguin Critical Studies: Sons and Lovers. Middlesex: Penguin Group Kuttner, A. B. (1969). A Freudian Interpretation (1916). In Gmini Salgado (Ed.), D. H. Lawrence: Sons and Lovers à A Selection of Critical Essays 1969 à 1994. Hampshire: Macmillan Press. Lawrence, D. (1996). Sons and Lovers (1913). M. Daly (Ed.), London: Everyman Lucy, N. (1997). Postmodern Literary Theory: An Introduction Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd. Millett, K. (1996). Sexual Politics (1969). In Rick Rylance (Ed.), Sons and Lovers: New Casebooks. New York : St. Martins Press. Pope, R. (1998). The English Studies Book. London: Routledge meredithtaylhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04383045893146065377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8245928606389615345.post-50133185368624653792020-05-26T08:35:00.001-07:002020-05-26T08:35:03.195-07:00Rumors, Deception and Hook Samples for Contrast Essay Rumors, Deception and Hook Samples for Contrast Essay You will discover that starting a compare and contrast essay is simpler than you might have imagined. The thesis statement stipulates the major point of or ideas in your essay. Every student was assigned a compare and contrast essay at least one time in a lifetime. Top Hook Samples for Contrast Essay Choices In fact, however, you can wait until your whole essay is nearly finished and then return and rewrite the exact first paragraph. Try to remember, even when you begin with a humorous anecdote, it doesn't indicate your whole essay must be funny. The word compare' is a little bit of a misnomer when used regarding a comparative essay analysis. The Fight Against Hook Samples for Contrast Essay In winter, all you have to do is add more layers so as to remain warm. A lot of them keep searching for a consultation on the disturbing issue. At the same time that you may be someone who can begin an essay off of the surface of yo ur head free of issue, a lot of people discover that it's simpler to sit down and write out an outline before beginning. The trick to making your essay stick out from the rest is to get a strong introduction. Unfortunately, in the majority of the instances you'll be given a specific topic to research, not having an opportunity to select the subject by yourself. There are instances when students are absolutely free to select a topic. It is not simple for many students to compose a pleasing essay which makes others wish to read more. You simply need to order an excellent essay from experts with the greatest academic degrees in an assortment of fields. Samples are helpful for learning how to put all of the information into action. Although your introduction has to be short, it also ought to convey plenty of information. It's always better to use a library more than the online research. It's fine to adjust your topic and a hook in a research practice. To be able to continue to keep your essay informative and engaging, you will want to source for factual information which not only impresses the reader but also teaches them something they might not have already known. The background of your essay will greatly be based on the origin of the subject, which will help determine the structure and content. When it has to do with research, it's time to be somewhat picky with the sources. A hook is written to pull the reader. Although it's a rather modest element, an ideal hook is both informative and engaging. A wonderful hook is the one which has many diverse applications in 1 text. If you aren't sure about how to locate a hook for your paper, you simply should look for some samples online. Offer an intriguing fact about something you're likely to talk about in your essay's body and your audience might want to keep reading if you want to find out more. You may want to type in a curious fact on the topic that is unknown to the majority of the folks. Yo u need to supply info in the right way. Or you're risking of getting blocked by bad understanding of your topic and inability to come up with the idea as it needs to be. The Essentials of Hook Samples for Contrast Essay You Will be Able to Learn From Beginning Immediately The cost of an essay depends upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. Then, the author answers the question. With a quote, your writing makes a specific statement and enables you establish your authority for a writer. To begin with, in the same way as any other bit of academic writing, a comparative essay ought to have an objective. Here's What I Know About Hook Samples for Contrast Essay College essay hooks can be hard to generate, especially when you're still working on clarifying what your essay is likely to say. Every fantastic essay starts with a good brainstorm. The success of picking great essay topic ideas, setting the proper tone, and making a superb persuasive essay hook depends upo n how well you understand your audience! When you find out more about the topic, attempt to use facts and data, which isn't known and attempt to produce your essay as informative and interesting, as possible. Key Pieces of Hook Samples for Contrast Essay A great compare-and-contrast essay goes beyond a very simple listing of similarities and differences to earn a meaningful statement about a bigger topic. When you begin brainstorming and researching the subject, the odds are high you'll locate a wide collection of differences and similarities. The approach is dependent upon the character of your subject Significance not only must you to clarify the value of the chief topic, but in addition mention the importance of comparisons or contrasts. Vital Pieces of Hook Samples for Contrast Essay Superior hooks could include contradictions. Be mindful that the hook must be related to the total subject of the paper. It is imperative to begin your writing with a hook to turn your e ssay engaging from the very start. In order to comprehend how to begin an essay, you have to first have a complete comprehension of what you're likely to be writing about. Before writing a comparative essay, you should first arm yourself with the information which you demand. Therefore, however good the remainder of your essay is, if you can't make a great first impression, you're going lose your readers, which explains why you always have to produce a great hook for an essay! All About Hook Samples for Contrast Essay Your arguments need to be strong and attracting. After the essay demands a large number of approaches to explore, it's important to understand how to organize it correctly in an effort to make sure easy reading. Always keep in mind that your conclusion should only restate facts you've already analyzed. Therefore, in case you have difficulties about how to compose a contrast essay, just stick to the tips outlined above. All you should understand is the best way to compose a fantastic hook dependent on the type, purpose, and target audience of your undertaking. The rhetorical question-like intro is really hooking because nearly all readers are going to want to know why some men and women choke and other people panic. To begin with, its objective is to hook your readers so they will read on and see what you've got to say. meredithtaylhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04383045893146065377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8245928606389615345.post-28034161524850037962020-05-19T10:31:00.001-07:002020-05-19T10:31:05.015-07:00Native Americans and Slave Trade in America The Story of... From the reading of chapter 1 and chapter 2 in ââ¬Å"America: The Story of Usâ⬠by Kevin Baker, I highlighted three points of interest for my discussion assignment. The first is of the impressions the Native Americans had of the Europeanââ¬â¢s explorers in the New World. The second point of interest is about the slave trade in America. The last point of interest is about the Prussian-born military officer Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin von Steuben. The Native American believe the early settlers to be harmless and capable of easily manipulated. As was the case when the Englishââ¬â¢s settlers established a Jamestown settlement in the Chesapeake Bay. The Native Americans saw the Europeanââ¬â¢s explorers as ââ¬Å"physically weak, sexuallyâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Another factor enabling the slave trade was a better nautical knowledge. An ââ¬Å"understanding of the wind and ocean currents of the North and South Atlanticsâ⬠(Eltis, 2007). Not having enough indenture servants from Europe and a dying Amerindian population made trading for Africanââ¬â¢s slaves the best choose. The ââ¬Å"agencyâ⬠that supplied the slaves were the ruling tribe of the Africanââ¬â¢s region. Slaves were either former prisoner of war or a person of criminal tendencies (Eltis, 2007). Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin von Steuben or Baron von Steuben was a name every U.S. soldier must learn when studying to be a noncommissioned officer. It is a name associated with the answer to the study question ââ¬Å"The Army received its first real training from what former Prussian Officer at Valley Forge in the winter of 1778?â⬠I am intrigued to learned of his discharge from the Prussian Army and his improvidence (Baker, 2010). Shortly after gaining the confidence of George Washington, he was entrusted with retraining the Continental Army. A task he relished because he loved caring for soldiers. ââ¬Å"Steuben insisted that officers should put the needs of their men ahead of their own and that they should temper discipline with loving concernâ⬠(Lockhart, 2008). That mantra would eventually lead to the first official regulation of the U.S. Army. Imparted with the tactical proficiency of a modern army, the Continental Army foughtShow MoreRelatedInno vators Dna84615 Words à |à 339 PagesU S I N E S S R E V I E W P R E S S BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 100092 00 i-vi r1 rr.qxp 5/13/11 6:52 PM Page iv Copyright 2011 Jeff Dyer, Hal Gregersen, and Clayton M. Christensen All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior Read MoreManagement Course: MbaâËâ10 General Management215330 Words à |à 862 Pages Third Edition ReedâËâLajoux and others . . . This book was printed on recycled paper. Management http://www.mhhe.com/primis/online/ Copyright à ©2005 by The McGrawâËâHill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisherRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words à |à 1186 PagesEdition Erik W. Larson Oregon State University Clifford F. Gray Oregon State University PROJECT MANAGEMENT: THE MANAGERIAL PROCESS Published by McGraw-Hill/Irwin, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10020. Copyright à © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the priorRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words à |à 1573 Pagesreproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright à © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in an y form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying meredithtaylhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04383045893146065377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8245928606389615345.post-8123678421291291732020-05-15T15:09:00.001-07:002020-05-15T15:09:08.312-07:00Prospective Non Experimental Study More Specially A... A. My research study will be a prospective non-experimental study more specially a longitudinal research method. The reasoning for this is when the treatments are over I want to see if patients are experiencing any long term adverse side effects and if so for how long after the treatment are the side effects persisting. So this will be a long term study that will see the effects of the treatments over a 10 year period of time. B. The subjects I would use for my research proposal would be male and females between the ages of 25-60. I would like to see people who were in relatively good health before the treatment and may have opted to take the treatment as a preventative measure. While social status will not be an issue I wouldâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦D. Does Interferon based treatment for Hepatitis C cause long term adverse side effects? E. I would use surveys and face to face interviews with questionariesââ¬â¢ in order to view what symptoms the participants are experiencing. From there I would see which are the most prevalent and concentrate on those symptoms. I would be conducting the surveys every 3 to 6 months at regular intervals, however if they have a serious change I would ask them to contact us in order to document the sudden change. Many times when participants are going to go for Hepatitis C treatment they are given tests to measure initial health such as eye exams, CT, and even endoscopyââ¬â¢s to make sure there are no other diseases that may interfere with treatment. If they have gotten preliminary testing, I would like to rerun the tests if these are where they are having the adverse side effects to see what specifically is causing the aliment. F. I would like to use participants that were in relatively good health before the Hepatitis C treatment. Participants who had no symptoms of Hepatitis C but had gotten the treatment as a preventative measure. I would also like to make sure they do not have any bowel diseases such as croans or irritable bowel syndrome because most side effects from the medication will cause bowel issues, so if they have a preexisting condition meredithtaylhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04383045893146065377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8245928606389615345.post-3981293583698889122020-05-06T21:59:00.001-07:002020-05-06T21:59:27.171-07:00The Disregard Of Life During War - 1654 Words The Disregard for Human Life during War Times The quality of life for soldiers of war has decreased and basic necessities are lost. The value of civilian lives is also lost in the disputes between two countries. An example of this is, ââ¬Å"Something was being burned there. A truck drew close and unloaded its hold: small children. Babies! Yes, I did see this, with my own eyesâ⬠¦ children thrown into the flamesâ⬠(Wiesel 33). The above quote from Night by Elie Wiesel represents the disregard of life and the horrors that can be seen in times of war. Many wonder why war changes the value of human lives. Why does war have the power to choose if your life is worth keeping? The quality of life decreases in times of war therefore showing the realities of war and the toll it takes on the soldiers and civilians involved. Conflicts such as the American Revolution, the Civil War, World War One, World War Two and the Vietnam War all share common characteristics. Throughout each of thes e wars the quality of life has decreased because of the demands and needs for soldiers and civilians. Examples of these poor conditions can be seen in journals, letters, propaganda posters, photographs, speeches, essays and songs. These examples prove that the soldiers in these wars lost many of the activities that many take for granted. It also shows how surviving life outside of the fighting is just as hard as the war itself. This further proves that war is a serious matter and should not be taken lightly.Show MoreRelatedHow the Atrocities of War Exemplify the Characteristic Moral Ambiguity of Human Nature719 Words à |à 3 Pagesutter disregard for human life that many of the worldââ¬â¢s leaders adopt in times of war, inspiring further research through the evocation of a need to more thoroughly learn about the moral ambiguity that envelops those in positions of power during wartime. This characteristic moral ambiguity of human nature is most clearly seen in the atrocities of war through institutionalized torture, mass death, and willingness of leaders to sacrifice troops. Through analyses of conflicts such as the World War IIRead MoreNorth Korea s Confrontational And Unpredictable Behavior1261 Words à |à 6 Pagescontrolled places in the world. 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His life experiences motivated him to write Small is Beautiful: A Study of Economics meredithtaylhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04383045893146065377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8245928606389615345.post-38856266013089323012020-05-06T16:45:00.001-07:002020-05-06T16:45:26.401-07:00Literacy Through Math How Can This Be - 1784 Words Literacy through math? How can this be? In my Websterââ¬â¢s New Dictionary, literacy is only defined as the ability to read and write. Reading is not exactly my cup of tea, so how can I write a paper about how literacy influenced me when I was not influenced by any kind of reading? Reading and math are like two completely different worlds. I have a dislike for the reading world, a dislike scarred in my memories by my earlier years of struggling from dyslexia. However, in the world of math, it is a fascinating celestial space that is full of fun and great potential to better myself. This special place was created by Cyberchase, a beloved childhood show I used to watch every day after I came home from school. I started watching this program around the time I began Kindergarten. Cyberchase has inspired me to have a strong enthusiasm in learning and to better myself by having a positive view on new challenges. Cyberchase is an educational show that focuses on mathematics and problem s olving skills in a fun and positive way to help kids understand math. In Cyberchase, a villain named Hacker, is on a mission to overthrow Motherboard, the ruler of Cyberspace, and take over with the help of his henchbots, Buzz and Delete. However, Motherboard enlists the help of three kids: Inez, Jackie and Matt to stop Hacker. The three kids use problem solving and try different solutions to solve the challenges they encounter, while saving Cyberspace from Hackerââ¬â¢s wrecking. 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The major goal is to foster and support the intellectual development that makes up a childââ¬â¢s preschool years. These developments include receptive and the childââ¬â¢s expressive language skills of the children, self-regulationRead MoreWhat Type Of Literacy Instruction Do You Use?1593 Words à |à 7 PagesInterview Questions: 1. What type of literacy instruction do you use? Is it a specific program? (If so what program is it?) â⬠¢ We actually use a combination of programs to create our literacy block. We use the Daily 5 model to create our block of time and stations that they work either in groups or independently. If you havenââ¬â¢t read this book it is a really awesome: ââ¬Å"The Daily 5: fostering literacy independence in the elementary gradesâ⬠by Gail Boushey Joan Moser. â⬠¢ We also use Reach forRead MoreWhy Do The Bears Go?1100 Words à |à 5 PagesReflection- Funding Play Everyone strives to gain as much knowledge as they can, as knowledge is power. 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This study present findings from an analysis of classroom instruction data collected in 200 classrooms in seven high poverty high school classroomsRead MoreLiteracy Is Important And High Impact On The Core Subjects793 Words à |à 4 PagesLiteracy has been shown to have an important and high impact on the core subjects. Literacy strategies are essential for teachers to use in the classroom. Students need a variety of literacy strategies in order for them to truly learn, understand, and apply the subject content. There has been countless research done on the impact that literacy has on the core subjects in elementary school, such as mathematics, science, and social studies. These studies range in perspectives by either focusing onRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Common Core1131 Words à |à 5 Pagesà à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à 11/21/13 Argumentative Essay on Common Core ââ¬Å"Without Common Core we (America) are not where we want or need to be.â⬠The New York Times reported this in August, 2013. Currently, every state sets its own curriculum for its schools. The result is that the United States ranks ââ¬Å"25th in math, 17th in science, and 14th in reading compared to students in 27 industrialized countries.â⬠Without national standards, students depend upon the luck of where they were born or schooledRead MoreLiteracy Observation Report Sample1260 Words à |à 6 PagesI completed my literacy field experience at Isanti Intermediate School/School for all Seasons in Isanti, MN. I was able to complete my 20 hour observation in a 1st grade classroom (primary), a 3rd grade classroom (intermediate), and conducted fluency tests in a 5th grade classroom. Each class had approximately 22 to 25 students. Also during this literacy class, I was also able to spend a few days observing a 3rd/4th grade classroom and a kindergarten classroom through a couple of sub jobs I completedRead MoreNational Assessment Of Educational Progress752 Words à |à 4 PagesMonroe 2017). Fortunately, many teachers are integrating math into multiple disciplines such as writing and literacy, technology, science, social sciences and concrete or real-life examples, and music. Teachers are asked to blend mathematics into writing so students can think, write and discuss their thinking to understand the math content on a deeper level of understanding. According to Burris (2013). Third grade students understand the math concept of place value at a deeper level if they are givenRead MoreEssay On Teacher Community Assistant1519 Words à |à 7 Pagesaccess to primary school education. Despite this achievement, a large number of children enrolled in their first years of school are still not learning how to read, write, or do basic math. Building on previous research, researchers in this study evaluated the impact of several targeted instruction programs on the learning outcomes of primary school students in Ghanaââ¬â¢s public schools. Researchers found significant improvements in numeracy and literacy on average, with regional variations. Of four meredithtaylhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04383045893146065377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8245928606389615345.post-60021704678988382712020-05-06T06:22:00.001-07:002020-05-06T06:22:35.333-07:00The Tempest Essay Summary Example For Students The Tempest Essay Summary The many roles of Prospero. In the play The Tempest written by Shakespeare, there are manydifferent roles that Prospero plays. He has four major roles that I shalldiscuss as Duke of Milan, father to Miranda, master to Ariel and Caliban,and as a powerful magician. Prospero was the Duke of Milan as he was usurped by his brotherAntonio and exiled to an isolated island. He is quite a reluctant leader,I thus neglecting worldly ends, and he is perhaps regretful of the way heapproached past duties. His study of liberal arts began to get in the wayof his duties as leader and Duke, And Prospero, the prime duke, being soreputed, in dignity and for the liberal arts without a parallel.Prospero is the father to Miranda. She is a pure and gentleindividual because she has lived almost all of her life on this enchantedisland. She is totally innocent and faultless and in addition has a sweetnature and a tender heart. As she has been sealed off from the world for solong, Mirandas perceptions of other people tend to be nave and non-judgemental, I might call him a divine thing, for nothing natural, I eversaw so noblemake not too rash a trial for him, for hes gentle, and notfearful. She is especially loyal to her father and Prospero cares a greatdeal for his daug hter. For example, when she meets Ferdinand and theyarrange to get married, Prospero warns him about sex before marriage as itwill bring bad luck, Take my daughter, but if thou dost break her virgin-knot before holy rite be ministered, no sweet aspersion shall the heavenslet fall but barren hate, sour-eyed disdain and discord shall bestrewthe union of your bed. I believe that Prospero does care for Miranda andwants to see her happy. Prospero is also a master; His punishments for Caliban are petty andvindictive. After Prospero befriended him and taught him how to speak andthink, Caliban betrayed him and as a result, Prospero enslaved him to alife of low tasks; he refused to ever trust him again. Caliban hates hismaster and will do anything to be free. Like Caliban, Prospero enslaved Ariel. Ariel helps his master in hisperformance of magic and carries out the orders that Prospero gives, Iwill be correspondent to command and do my spiriting gently. Ariel ismischievous and carefree, able to cross the length of the island in aninstant and change shapes when he feels like it, If you could hurt, yourswords are now too massy for your strengths, and will not be uplifted.Prospero is extremely learned, having studied most of his life. He has usedhis years of solitude on the island to study magical arts, which hasenabled him to control and command the island and many spirits around him. Prospero appears almost God-like in his use of magic and the way hemasterfully dominates what will happen from one moment to the next. When hecalls forth the spirits to do his bidding and summons the goddesses tobless and celebrate the marriage of his daughter to Ferdinand are clearexamples of the depth of his magical abilities. Fortunately, Prospero is anoble character that uses restraint in practising his powers. His variousschemes, spells, and manipulations all work, as part of his grand design toachieve the plays happy ending. Prospero emerges as a more likeable and sympathetic character in thefinal two acts. In these, his love for Miranda, forgiveness of his enemies,and the end of his scheme all come together to achieve a happy ending. .u6d0e6fce3a754c1f75b795ddf930b894 , .u6d0e6fce3a754c1f75b795ddf930b894 .postImageUrl , .u6d0e6fce3a754c1f75b795ddf930b894 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6d0e6fce3a754c1f75b795ddf930b894 , .u6d0e6fce3a754c1f75b795ddf930b894:hover , .u6d0e6fce3a754c1f75b795ddf930b894:visited , .u6d0e6fce3a754c1f75b795ddf930b894:active { border:0!important; } .u6d0e6fce3a754c1f75b795ddf930b894 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6d0e6fce3a754c1f75b795ddf930b894 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6d0e6fce3a754c1f75b795ddf930b894:active , .u6d0e6fce3a754c1f75b795ddf930b894:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6d0e6fce3a754c1f75b795ddf930b894 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6d0e6fce3a754c1f75b795ddf930b894 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6d0e6fce3a754c1f75b795ddf930b894 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6d0e6fce3a754c1f75b795ddf930b894 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6d0e6fce3a754c1f75b795ddf930b894:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6d0e6fce3a754c1f75b795ddf930b894 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6d0e6fce3a754c1f75b795ddf930b894 .u6d0e6fce3a754c1f75b795ddf930b894-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6d0e6fce3a754c1f75b795ddf930b894:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: That Place Called Sprinkles Cafe' EssayThroughout the play, Prospero proves that he is: a noble man, aloving father, a forgiving brother, a fair leader, and a powerful master. Even though his brother and his allies have stolen the kingdom from him,Prospero is able to forgive them. He could have easily killed or punishedthem but instead he forces them to see the error of their ways and pledgeloyalty to him. As a result, when Prospero returns to Milan to be itsruler, he will be more honoured and powerful than ever; his subjects willnot dare to plot against the restored Prospero in the future. meredithtaylhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04383045893146065377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8245928606389615345.post-53733871763809799022020-05-05T19:57:00.001-07:002020-05-05T19:57:03.670-07:00Effects of Age on Body Structure and Functions Questions: 1. Effects of age on body structure and functions.2. Impact of medical conditions on body structure and functions.3. Effects of Marys medical condition including infection to her routine care. Answers: 1. Effects of age on body structure and functions This part of the report deals with the consequences of age on the structure and functions of the body on a 78-year-old woman, Mary. It is said,Time takes its toll on the body. The inevitable event in the life of anyone is the of process aging. When any person reaches this stage of life, the changes in the body become less appeal in the eyes of others (Asemi et al. 2013). At the age of 78, the body part that is most affected of a woman is her skin. Skin is termed as the largest organ of the body. Her skin had lost the elasticity. The glow of her entire skin had also lost. Small lines had appeared on her face, running from everywhere to everywhere and gradually deeper wrinkles would also appear. All the muscles of her face would lose the flexibility, which would result into the drooping down of her cheeks, upper and lower lips and jowls and eyelids. Her eyes would also lose their capacity to produce tears. Thus, vision capacity would also decrease. She would even suffer from a gradual hearing loss due to the thinning of the auditory canal and thickening of the eardrum. These muscles of the body would lose the strength and flexibility with age (Binnewijzend et al. 2013). Mary would also face several functional changes. On one hand her heart, which is a muscle would become less capable of pumping blood throughout her body and on the contrary, she will have fats deposited in her blood vessels. As a result, the vessels would lose the elasticity. Such combination would lead to the decrease in the efficiency of the heart muscle, and blocked arteries would stop the proper blood flow to the different parts of the body. This would result in hypertension, minor as well as major heart attack and even heart or brain stroke (Cruikshank 2013). As the age of Mary is 78, she would also suffer from several nervous disorders. Numerous nerves in the human body lose the function with the growing age. The nerves would be unable to pass the signals between them for which there would be a lack of coordination among brain cells. Even if a single region of the brain malfunctioned then, the entire brain would fail to function properly. She would also suffer from memory loss and Parkinsons disease, which would subject her to abuses, and self-harm. She would even face sudden severe pains in her veins with her growing age (Williamson et al. 2015). 2. Impact of medical conditions on body structure and functions This part of the paper deals with the effects of hypertension, osteoarthritis, and diabetes on the body structure and functions of the 78-year-old woman, Mary. Hypertension means very high blood pressure. Blood pressure is termed as the amount of energy produced within the arteries and veins. The blood pressure differs from person to person. High blood pressure would result in progressive spoil to the arteries and veins, which could get into the way with blood flow all the way through the body. This would lead to severe stroke both of the heart and the brain, several heart ailment and failure of the heart. The other parts of the body together with the kidneys, limbs, eyes and heart also would even suffer from several damages. Severe chest pains and very irregular heart rhythms would also accompany her. She would lack a sound sleep, which would make her look pale (Malekzadeh et al. 2013). The dreadful conditions that involve the generative disease of joints, subchondral bone and articular cartilage due to the mechanical pressure on that area are termed as Osteoarthritis. It can affect any of the joints of the body, but mostly it occurs in the hands, hips, spine and knees. Usually, the women are concerned with this, as it has been reported that the woman has lesser amount calcium in their body with the increase in age. If this would occur in the fingers, then her fingers would be swollen for some days, and there would be a pain. If this would occur in the knees then the knees would have also been swollen, she would find difficulties in walking and would pain. Similarly, if it would occur in her hips or spine, she would face problem while bending and would gain excessive weight at her hips (Williamson et al. 2015). Insulin is a hormone. When the body fails to produce insulin or utilize the insulin properly then the body is said to suffer from diabetes. Diabetes causes deposition of fat bodies in the walls of the blood vessel. This could cause hardening of the blood vessels by preventing the blood flow (Gregg et al. 2013). This could affect the fingers and legs of her body. Her feet would become very sensitive. She would also suffer from severe pains while walking. Mary would lose the external glow. As she would lose the moisture content, her body would appear dry. She would also lack a peaceful sleep, which would hamper the serenity of her appearance. She would suffer from several functional disorders. If her pancreas would fail to produce insulin or if her body would fail to utilize this insulin then certain alternate hormones are used to produce energy from fats. This, in turn, would result in the generation of several toxic substances consisting of ketone bodies and even acids. Some of the s ymptoms, which she would face, are like fatigue, feeling thirsty and excretion of excessive urine. The breath would even have a fruity smell, which would depict the high level of ketone particles in her blood. Her diabetes would affect her kidneys resulting in losing their ability to filter the waste materials present in her blood. This would finally result in her kidney failure. Diabetes would also result in her gastroparesis, which may cause the symptoms of vomiting, nausea and even heart bum in her. She would gradually become prone to cold and other injuries (Williamson et al. 2015). 3. Effects of Marys medical condition including infection to her routine care This part of the paper discusses the effects of Mary's medical condition including infection to her routine care. The present medical reports of Mary depicted that due to her poor nutrition and medical condition her bones had become thinner and weaker with her age thus; it could easily break during a fall (Lam et al. 2012). Her vision has also begun to deteriorate with age, and this is called macular degeneration. Macula, the part of the eye, which allows people to see in her, was affected due to her age. The Central vision of Mary thus had become blurry, and she would face difficulties in reading and recognizing people (Wannamethee et al. 2012). Another age-related vision problem is glaucoma, which can result in blindness.. A regular medical checkup can solve the vision problem to some extent of Mary, but there would be very slight chance to get back the young age eyesight. Mary had lost the ability to hear the high-frequency sounds hearing the problem. She too had had Alzheimer's d isease (Diniz et al. 2013). In the hospital she even shared, the fear of fall due to her dizziness was increasing gradually. Her fear prevented her to step out of her house alone as she had already lost the stability of her body (Kemmler et al. 2015). She even feared to become lonely if she once goes out of her house. She had lost the ability to remember and think correctly. This had rendered her to do even basic tasks. This had led her to depression and had withdrawn herself from social activities. Due to all these reasons, Mary would require regular proper medical checkup of her bones, eyes ears, and brain. She would also require a proper diet chart so that the nutrition deficiencies within her could be fulfilled and she would have to maintain a proper hygienic condition, which would prevent her from any infection to her health. References Asemi, Z., Samimi, M., Tabassi, Z., Shakeri, H. and Esmaillzadeh, A., 2013. Vitamin D supplementation affects serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, insulin resistance, and biomarkers of oxidative stress in pregnant women. The Journal of Nutrition, 143(9), pp.1432-1438. Binnewijzend, M.A., Kuijer, J.P., Benedictus, M.R., van der Flier, W.M., Wink, A.M., Wattjes, M.P., van Berckel, B.N., Scheltens, P. and Barkhof, F., 2013. Cerebral blood flow measured with 3D pseudo continuous arterial spin-labeling MR imaging in Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment: a marker for disease severity. Radiology, 267(1), pp.221-230. Cruikshank, M., 2013.Learning to be old: Gender, culture, and aging.Rowman Littlefield. Diniz, B.S., Butters, M.A., Albert, S.M., Dew, M.A. and Reynolds, C.F., 2013. Late-life depression and risk of vascular dementia and Alzheimers disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based cohort studies. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 202(5), pp.329-335. Gregg, E.W., Zhuo, X., Cheng, Y.J., Albright, A.L., Narayan, K.V., and Thompson, T.J., 2014. Trends in lifetime risk and years of life lost due to diabetes in the USA, 19852011: a modeling study. The Lancet Diabetes Endocrinology, 2(11), pp.867-874. Kemmler, W., Teschler, M., Goisser, S., Bebenek, M., von Stengel, S., Bollheimer, L.C., Sieber, C.C. and Freiberger, E., 2015. Prevalence of sarcopenia in Germany and the corresponding effect of osteoarthritis in females 70 years and older living in the community: results of the FOrMosA study. Clinical interventions in aging, 10, p.1565. Lam, F.M., Lau, R.W., Chung, R.C. and Pang, M.Y., 2012. The effect of whole body vibration on balance, mobility and falls in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Maturitas, 72(3), pp.206-213. Malekzadeh, M.M., Etemadi, A., Kamangar, F., Khademi, H., Golozar, A., Islami, F., Pourshams, A., Poustchi, H., Navabakhsh, B., Naemi, M. and Pharoah, P.D., 2013.Prevalence, awareness and risk factors of hypertension in a large cohort of Iranian adult population.Journal of Hypertension, 31(7), p.1364. Wannamethee, S.G., Papacosta, O., Lawlor, D.A., Whincup, P.H., Lowe, G.D., Ebrahim, S. and Sattar, N., 2012. Do women exhibit greater differences in established and novel risk factors between diabetes and non-diabetes than men? The British Regional Heart Study and British Womens Heart Health Study.Diabetologia, 55(1), pp.80-87. Williamson, T., Sikka, R., Tompkins, M. and Nelson, B.J., 2015.Use of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score in a Healthy United States Population.The American journal of sports medicine, p.0363546515616812. meredithtaylhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04383045893146065377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8245928606389615345.post-28043773459728883852020-04-18T03:26:00.001-07:002020-04-18T03:26:03.653-07:00Sample Essay to Gain Entry Into Liberal StudiesSample Essay to Gain Entry Into Liberal StudiesWhile preparing a sample essay to gain entry into liberal studies major, you should consider the general needs of students. Specifically, the type of student you are looking for is also critical to find out.Group study is more of a study where people form a team or a group for a specific reason. It can be a lecture, a class, a discussion and research to name a few. This type of group studies are usually done in schools as a group that follows a certain schedule.In the case of students, this study consists of a group of students with the main goal of learning from each other. It can also involve the student by participating actively on the other members' work. The students try to find out about the topics that are new to them through their analysis.The important thing is to give the students a written work for them to share their general background information with. The essay is also a way for them to build their confidence and to get rid of some doubts. If the student already has a class which he is going to join, this can be good since it can provide the best background on that particular subject. However, this should not be used as an example for them to follow.The essay must include at least two parts. The first part will contain the main idea and the second part will be a summary of what was stated by the writer. Before writing, you should have an outline of the topic that the essay will discuss.The essay must focus on the one or two main points that the students want to make. Make sure that the student does not miss any important points.In terms of writing style, it is recommended to choose a literary style that you are comfortable with. While you are not required to use a formal style, but it would help if the essay is well written.A student who is new to the subject should also write a sample essay to gain entry into liberal studies major. It is also a way for him to gain more knowledge on the topics that he wants to discuss. meredithtaylhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04383045893146065377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8245928606389615345.post-48993594199699553892020-04-14T02:43:00.001-07:002020-04-14T02:43:03.633-07:00Trade of Coffee and Gold Introduction Marketing refers to the process of conducting market research, selling goods or services to clients and promoting them through advertisement to increase the sales volume. It is a complex process by which organizations and industries develop strong relationships with the customers.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Trade of Coffee and Gold specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In order to conduct effective marketing of products, it is important for the marketing managers to have a sound understanding of the origin of the products they are dealing with in order to device proper marketing strategies. This paper seeks to shade light on the origins of coffee and gold, challenges in their production, why they are popular and also their advertisement. Coffee Origin of Coffee The use of coffee can be traced back to the thirteenth century (Schreckmann, 2004). However, its origin has not yet been established. It is commonly understood that the ancient Ethiopians who were the ancestors of the current Oromo community were among the first people who discovered that coffee has a stimulating effect on the mind (Schreckmann, 2004). However, there is no specific evidence that can explain where coffee was grown and used in Africa before seventeenth century (Pendergrast, 2010). By sixteenth century the knowledge of coffee had spread in the Middle East, some sections of Persia and Turkey. ââ¬Å"The use of coffee as a beverage later reached Italy from Asiaâ⬠(Schreckmann, 2004). From Italy its use was extended to Europe and since that time coffee production reached America (Pendergrast, 2010). Although the origin of coffee had its roots in Ethiopia, the country only produced a little amount for exportation until the second half of the 20th century. Reasons for the Popularity of Coffee The popularity of coffee can be attributed to several factors. First, it has stimulating effect in the mind of the user and continuous use of it can lead to addiction hence such consumers are likely to continue using it (Schreckmann, 2004). Secondly, the manufacturers of coffee products have also managed to design several mechanisms to elevate its popularity. For example coffee products come in various flavors that appeal to the customers taste and preferences. Apart from this the players in the coffee market have always been keen to maintain its reputation in the market (Paul, 1947). They have achieved this through regular thrilling advertisements (Schreckmann, 2004). Problems Encountered in Coffee Production The level of coffee production has been affected by fluctuations in its market prices (Paul, 1947). For example the international market price for coffee has not been stable and they keep on changing. This has always lowered the enthusiasm of farmers to continue producing coffee.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper w ith 15% OFF Learn More Organizations that Deal with Problems of Coffee Production Coffee Marketing Boards in various countries have been instrumental in addressing problems related to coffee production. For example they always bargain for better international coffee prices. They also offer advisory services to the farmers (Schreckmann, 2004). The advice relates to better production methods. Gold Origin of Gold Gold was the first metal known by mankind. The beautiful nature of gold and its brilliance attracted the ancient people and it became part of their culture (Paul, 1947). Since gold is found in different parts of the world, it was discovered by different races in many places. Almost any body who encountered gold got amused with it (Paul, 1947). The easiest metal to work on is gold. ââ¬Å"It appears in a pure workable state as compared to other metals that exist inform of ore-bodies which cause some difficulties in smeltingâ⬠(Paul, 1947). Gold has been a noble co mmodity and the early civilizations associated it with prominent rulers like kings and queens (Paul, 1947). Gold was of great value to human beings even before they started using it as a currency. This has been demonstrated by a tireless effort to get it. Prospecting activities for gold has its origins in 700 B.C (Paul, 1947). During the search for gold by Egyptians and Phoenicians, prisoners were often sent to work in the gold mines. Gold was used as currency in the ancient Greece (Paul, 1947). ââ¬Å"The Greeks conducted gold mining activities in the Mediterranean region around 500 B.C. and scholars like Plato wrote about the theories of its originsâ⬠(Paul, 1947). Problems Encountered in Gold Production The mining of gold has been affected by several challenges that can be briefly explained as follows. In South Africa where we have one of the worldââ¬â¢s largest gold mines, electricity hitches have always crippled mining activities (Paul, 1947). For examples some mines ha ve had to be closed for a long time due to perennial power black-outs (Paul, 1947). Workers have always had serious accidents in the mines with some ending in deaths (Paul, 1947). Secondly, the cost of mining has risen considerably over the past few years. Thirdly, the initial cost of setting up and running a gold mine is relatively high (Paul, 1947). There is also the challenge of increasing labor shortages in the mines. Besides, workers in the mines always demand for high wages (Paul, 1947). Reasons for Popularity of Gold Today the price of gold is still rising and this can be explained as follows. One of the reasons for the popularity of gold is its high quality as a metal (Paul, 1947). Another factor for the increased popularity of this metal is its ability to provide protection against potential financial risks (Paul, 1947). For example when the value of currency goes down, it gives the investors the chance to protect their investments. In addition to this, gold also offers a w ide range of investment opportunities to investors (Paul, 1947).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Trade of Coffee and Gold specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Description of a Print Advertisement There are many ways of advertising and print advertisement is one of them. This type of advertisement is printed in a piece of paper for example in a newspaper. The effectiveness of this advertisement depends on the ability of people to see it. In this study a print advertisement for gold was used. Design of the Advertisement The advertisement featured gold writing printed on leather. The leather is having a soft texture and it is black in color. The words are written in yellow to bring a sharp contrast and this makes the advertisement look very attractive. The words in the gold advertisement are: ââ¬Å"Money makes the world go round. Gold stops the world from getting dizzy when the rideââ¬â¢s is overââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢. Language of the Advertisement The language used in the advertisement was carefully selected because it is simple and can be easily understood. The use of simple language in advertisements helps the marketer to pass clear messages to the targeted population. Purpose of the Advertisement This advertisement was aimed at encouraging people to invest in gold trade. The advert aimed at highlighting the main features and functions of gold in order to increase its demand. Conclusion From the above discussion we can conclude that marketing is very important in business. Marketing can be enhanced through proper research on the products or services to be sold. Before a person settles on a given mode of advertisement it is important to analyze the effectiveness of the various methods of advertisement. References Paul, R. (1947). California gold: the beginning of mining in the far west. Cambridge: Havard University Press. Pendergrast, M. (2010). Uncommon grounds: the history of coffee and how it transformed our world. New York: Basic Books.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Schreckmann, D. (2004). The coffee house grounds for change. Java Ranch Journal, vol.3 (i) , 34-36. This report on Trade of Coffee and Gold was written and submitted by user Camila Camacho to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. meredithtaylhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04383045893146065377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8245928606389615345.post-82060689700687792192020-03-11T20:13:00.001-07:002020-03-11T20:13:02.990-07:00There are far too many (women) who are discriminated against and far too many employers who are using every single legal argument and loophole to dodge their obligations under equal pay law The WritePass JournalThere are far too many (women) who are discriminated against and far too many employers who are using every single legal argument and loophole to dodge their obligations under equal pay law Introduction There are far too many (women) who are discriminated against and far too many employers who are using every single legal argument and loophole to dodge their obligations under equal pay law [5], where the Inner House of the Court overturned the previous decision of the EAT that had previously argued that the terminology ââ¬Å"establishmentâ⬠could have a broad meaning. Instead, the Inner House restricted this substantially by saying that the comparator had to work at an establishment that was largely in the same geographical area. An employee looking to claim that they are being paid less will also need to find a comparator who is broadly employed on common terms (as stated in Section 1(6) of the 1970 Act and restated in EqA). For example, in the case of Leverton (1989)[6], it was possible for female nursery nurses to argue that they were being paid less than their comparators who were male clerical staff. All staff had a ââ¬Å"purple bookâ⬠of terms and conditions and this was sufficient to argue that they had common terms. Finally, there is the time frame over which the comparator has worked, with the ability of the claimant to look at a predecessor but not a successor. This was supported by the case of Walton, 2008[7], where it was held that a successor could not be used, as this would require the courts to hypothesise as to whether the comparator would have been treated differently, had they been employed at the same time. This is based on the argument that by looking into the future this would be hypothetical situation and impossible to consider how the employer would act in the future. It can therefore be seen that there are multiple issues involved in locating a comparator, which can potentially make it easier for an employer to escape their obligations and to allow them to look at ways of paying female employees less, either directly or indirectly, or at the very least making the matter difficult for an employee to prove, in the absence of an obvious and exact comparator. Material Justification Another area which presents a real opportunity for the employer to look at escaping liability is the use of the material factor defence contained in both the EqA and the 1970 Act. This defence allows an employer to pay an employee less than a comparator for whom they would otherwise be required to ensure equal pay, due to some non-discriminatory reason. There is non- specific requirement to deal with the notion of material defence, after the issue of equal pay has been discussed and it may be that the tribunal will in fact consider the material justification defence, at the outset, when looking at whether the jobs were of equal value[8]. The material factor defence is dealt with in Section 1(3) of the 1970 Act, where it is stated that the employer would have a defence, if they could show that the difference in salary ââ¬Å"is genuinely due to a material factor which is not the difference of sex. This is a genuine requirement and allows for employers to have a distinction between pay where it is required for the business need. An employer can show that they have a material factor defence where they can prove the following. Firstly that the explanation is genuine, secondly that the reason for less favourable treatment was down to that explanation, thirdly that the reason was not considered to be the difference of sex and finally that the reason is a significant and relevant difference between the man and woman in the instance[9].à When looking at the genuineness of the situation, the House of Lords stated in Bury Metropolitan Council that tribunals should not become too concerned over the issue of genuineness and should instead simply look at the facts surrounding the situation[10]. In this case, it was also stated that the difference will only be a sham, if it ââ¬Å"has been deliberately fabricated in order to present things otherwise than as they are. Crucially, it is also necessary for the factor to be material meaning, in accordance with Rainey, 1987, where the difference is significant and relevant, but this could be with reference to external factors, such as the market and not necessarily simply down to the skills and knowledge of the individuals in question[11]. When it comes to material justification, the burden of proof shifts from party to party in such a way that offers a real opportunity for the employer to escape liability. Once the employee has shown that there is a prima facie case for an equal pay claim, the employer then has the burden of showing a material factor defence, before the burden then travelling back to the employee to show that this was not genuine or in error in some way. For example, it may be argued, as was the case in Cooksey and Others (2011)[12], that the use of an on call allowance had the impact of men getting paid more than women, due to men being typically more available to undertake such work; this was sufficient to constitute a material factor defence and the case was allowed, with the employer being culpable. Conclusion It is concluded here that the original statement made that employers have been able to use legal argument and loopholes as a key way of escaping liability under the equal pay legislation is not merely a theoretical argument, but one that is supported and shown time and time again through the tribunals and court system. It is argued here that by just looking at the area of identifying a comparator and the area of a material factor defence, there is a multitude of complexities that can be used by the employer to evade liability. This area needs to be revisited carefully, if there is to be sufficient protection offered to women, in the future. As it stands, all but the most obvious of discriminatory scenarios are likely to evade the full extent of the legislation and this matter requires review, as a matter of urgency. Practicality is such that there are a variety of factors which may lead to a discrepancy of pay yet this needs to be addressed to ensure that any differences are material ly justifiable and are appropriate in all circumstances so as to reduce the overall pay gap as far as possible. Bibliography Bury Metropolitan Borough Council v Hamilton and other cases [2011] IRLR 358 City of Edinburgh Council v Wilkinson and others [2012] IRLR 202, Cooksey and Others v Trafford Borough Council and others UKEAT/0255/11 Equality Act 2010 Equal Pay Act 1970 Forex Neptune (Overseas) Ltd v Miller [1987] ICR 170, Glasgow City Council v Marshall [2000] ICR 196 (HL) Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union Leverton v Clwyd County Council [1989] IRLR 28 (HL). Macarthys Ltd v Smith [1980] IRLR 210 Prentis D, Unison. 2013. commenting on North and ors v Dumfries and Galloway Council 2013 SC 45 Rainey v Greater Glasgow Health Board [1987] ICR 129 Walton Centre for Neurology Neuro Surgery NHS Trust v Bewley [2008] IRLR 588 meredithtaylhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04383045893146065377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8245928606389615345.post-72542526562651778002020-02-24T10:39:00.001-08:002020-02-24T10:39:02.680-08:00Business in its cultural Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 wordsBusiness in its cultural Environment - Essay Example The material and human resources at its command are considerable, and their various orientations and expertise a veritable potential source of wealth. However, the same is also a source of difficulty for a company that has to cope with the imperfections of all human endeavor. Usually when the size of the undertaking is bigger, the imperfections become magnified, as the case appears to be here. In this case, the Airbus had difficulty integrating and coordinating among its multi-national components. The fact that the various components of the Airbus A380 were manufactured in centers located in the different countries already present logistical difficulties. However, it was the cultural divide amongst the groups of workers in the collaborating countries that posed the more serious challenge. There appear to be two general levels of cross-cultural inconsistencies in the Airbus organization. Neither of the types of problems Airbus is encountering has any bearing on racial discrimination, so much as technical mismatch. For instance, the case cited the wiring problems that materialized due to the difference in the versions of the CAD software used by technical personnel in France and in Germany. Such a problem does not bear on deep-seated cultural traits, and may be addressed by adopting standard technical systems (not just measurements or verbal language) that are consistent th roughout the organization. The case study shows that these are lapses caused by company attention being focused on power plays in internal company politics (ââ¬Å"jostling for positionââ¬Å"), and the human resources diverting its efforts to resolving legal issues rather than operational problems. Simply put, the discrepancies were the result of negligence. The second problem is more inherent to the way Airbus SAS is organized, and was highlighted by the failure of communication and coordination besetting production and design. Because of inefficiencies in operations, the meredithtaylhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04383045893146065377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8245928606389615345.post-38621741640617146432020-02-08T03:27:00.001-08:002020-02-08T03:27:02.404-08:00The Gospels--Mark Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1The Gospels--Mark - Essay Example Some of the seeds fell on rocky grounds, others on fertile soil, some on the footpath; some fell on bushes and thistles. In this allegory, the sower represents Jesus while the seeds represent good news and the soil represent different type of people who hear the word and their responses to the gospel. The seeds that fell on rocky represent those who hear the word gladly while those that fell on footpath represent people who hear the word but does not safeguard since the devil snatches the word from them. Seeds that fell on good soil represent people who hear the word, believe in it and live according to its teachings. Those that fell on the bushes and thistles represent people who hear the word and they become believers for sometimes, they mix their faith with worries and riches of this world hence their faith never matures because it is interfered with. In Mark chapter 8 verses 27 to 38, he records the confession of Peter at Caesarea Philippi. Jesus asked his disciples, who do people say I am? In this incidence, Peter was able to identify Jesus as the true son of God and the only Messiah. One of the version that explain unpardonable sin states that God formed man from dust of the earth. This was Godââ¬â¢s doing, but not manââ¬â¢s, and so due to this earthly sinful condition; man has natural alignment towards sin. Even after being saved or becoming a Christian, one is heavily inclined and influenced by this earthly nature. On the other hand, evangelists assert that those people who have rejected Jesus Christ for the last time have committed unpardonable sin. Jesus woke up, rebuked the wind and the waves on the seas by commanding it to be quiet and still. In this incident, he showed his power over the wind and the waves or nature. On the other hand, disciples were perplexed on what Jesus had done in that they concluded that he was God and Man. During the transfiguration, when Jesus was praying, his face changed, and his meredithtaylhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04383045893146065377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8245928606389615345.post-76886529781556826782020-01-29T16:02:00.001-08:002020-01-29T16:02:04.396-08:00Cariââ¬â¢s Story Essay Example for Free Cariââ¬â¢s Story Essay How could an infection in Cariââ¬â¢s nasal passages and pharynx spread into her sinuses? An infection will spread because the pharynx, larynx and sinuses are all connected, so the infection is going to spread to the sinuses and the surrounding areas. What is the cough reflex? Describe the process that Cariââ¬â¢s respiratory system is using to clear her lungs by coughing? The cough reflex is a deep and long inhalation that is followed by the closing the glottis, this causes a strong exhalation that will push the glottis open and sends the air through the respiratory passage. The coughing occurs when a foreign body is in the larynx, trachea or the epiglottis. Cari is coughing because the mucous and fluid buildup in her lungs and her body is to get rid of it. Which structures found in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli normally would protect Cariââ¬â¢s lungs from infectious pathogens and particulate matter? The alveolar macrophage protects her lungs because they wonder around the alveoli space and it collects dust, particles and debris. Cari does smoke and it has caused the cilia in her respiratory passage way to become paralyzed and then it secretes the excess amounts of mucus. The macrophages are sent to the lungs and it gets stuck in the mucus and it canââ¬â¢t fight off the pathogens. How would the resistance of Cariââ¬â¢s airways be affected by excess mucus and fluid in her lung? Cari isnââ¬â¢t getting adequate oxygen because the pressure of fluid and the mucus buildup in her lungs. This is not allowing her lungs to expand so she can get the breath her body needs. The fluid buildup and the pressure are not allowing her oxygen to disperse to the areas it needs. How would Cariââ¬â¢s lung compliance (the effort required to expand the lungs) be altered as her alveoli fill with fluid due to pneumonia? The fluid in her lungs makes it hard to expand because the fluid makes the alveoli sticky and it canââ¬â¢t expand and open. How would fluid in Cariââ¬â¢s lungs affect her total lung capacity? Cariââ¬â¢s lung capacity would go down due to the fact that the air space is being taken up by the fluid in her lungs. How does the elevation of Cariââ¬â¢s respiratory rate alter her minute ventilation? Cariââ¬â¢s respiratory rate will increase her minute ven tilation. Normal blood oxygen saturation levels are greater than 94 percent; Cariââ¬â¢s blood oxygen saturation levels are greater 90 percent at the time of her exam and an initial arterial blood gas analysis done whenà she was admitted to the hospital revealed her arterial Po2 was 54mmHg. How do these clinical findings relate to the internal respiration in Cariââ¬â¢s body? Cariââ¬â¢s oxygen saturation level was 90% and the Po2 of mmHg would show that her arteries are having too much oxygen. A normal resting mmHg is 40% and exercises lower Po2level. A normal resting oxygen level is 94%. Which of the symptoms Cari has described are due to the lack of oxygen and reduced oxygen exchange at her tissues? Cari said she is ââ¬Å"panting like a dogâ⬠is due from the lack of oxygen and t reduces her oxygen exchange. As Cariââ¬â¢s Pco2 rose, how was the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin affected? The oxygen carrying of hemoglobin volume with the rise of Pco2 will decrease since the Co2 will take O2ââ¬â¢s seat. How would you have expected Cariââ¬â¢s decreased Pco2 and alkaline blood pH to have affected her breathing? Cariââ¬â¢s pH and Pco2 will decrease and her rate of breathing will also be decreasing. How would administration of oxygen enhance Cariââ¬â¢s central drive to breathe? Cari would be able to breathe better when oxygen was administered to her. Which anatomical structures in Cariââ¬â¢s respiratory system were initially involved? The structures involved are the trachea, nasal, pharynx, and larynx, and the lungs. Why was Cari plagued with a chronic smokerââ¬â¢s cough? Cari is plagued with a chronic smokerââ¬â¢s cough because she has a 20 year history of smoking. Which damaging effects of tobacco smoke led to Cariââ¬â¢s impaired respiratory defense mechanisms? There are damages to the epithelial with those damages comes the bodyââ¬â¢s repair process. How did the pneumonia affect Cariââ¬â¢s lung function? Cariââ¬â¢s was having problems getting adequate oxygen, because of the fluid in her lungs. The pneumonia is an infection from bacteria that can affect the body, because of her smoking it made it hard for her lungs to get air. meredithtaylhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04383045893146065377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8245928606389615345.post-64301423089405507512020-01-21T12:26:00.001-08:002020-01-21T12:26:02.645-08:00Comparison Of Judaism And Christianity :: essays research papers There are many substantial and vital distinctions between Judaism and Christianity. Of course there are many similarities, primarily because Christianity emerged from Judaism. However, the emergence was not a direct line. Christianity broke from Judaism, forming a new religion, so it is misleading, however comfortable the thought might be, to believe that the two religions are essentially the same, or to see Christianity as the natural continuation of Judaism. Judaism's central belief is that the people of all religions are children of God, and therefore equal before God. All people have God's love, mercy, and help. In particular, Judaism does not require that a person convert to Judaism in order to achieve salvation. The only requirement for that, as understood by Jewish people, is to be ethical. While Judaism accepts the worth of all people regardless of religion, it also allows people who are not Jewish but who voluntarily wish to join the Jewish people to do so. GodJudaism insists on a notion of monotheism, the idea that there is one God. As Judaism understands this idea, God cannot be made up of parts, even if those parts are mysteriously united. The Christian notion of trinitarianism is that God is made up of God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. Such a view, even if called monotheistic because the three parts are, by divine mystery, only one God, is incompatible with the Jewish view that such a division is not possible. The Jewish revolutionary idea is that God is one. This idea allows for God's unity and uniqueness as a creative force. Thus, for Jewish people, God is the creator of all that we like and all that we don't. There is no evil force with an ability to create equal to God's. Judaism sees Christianity's trinitarianism as a weakening of the idea of God's oneness. Jewish people don't have a set group of beliefs about the nature of God; therefore, there is considerable, and approved, debate within Judaism about God. However, all mainstream Jewish groups reject the idea of God's having three parts. Indeed, many Jewish people see an attempt to divide God as a partial throwback, or compromise with, the pagan conception of many gods. The Jewish View of JesusTo Christians, the central tenet of their religion is the belief that Jesus is the Son of God, part of the trinity, the savior of souls who is the messiah. meredithtaylhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04383045893146065377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8245928606389615345.post-86067173130976051862020-01-13T08:50:00.001-08:002020-01-13T08:50:04.876-08:00The Secret of Ella and Micha Chapter 18 Ella Micha won't text me back and it's eating away at my mind. I need to find out where he is, but Caroline's making it difficult. She's a photographer and wants to take pictures of the different views of our town. I take her to the lake first because it's the sunnier side of town, and pull over in a few different turnouts that give her various views. When we reach the bridge, she gets really enthusiastic and wants pictures of it too. ââ¬Å"It has so much history to it,â⬠she says. ââ¬Å"And it probably carries a lot of memories for people.â⬠I wonder if Caroline is a mind reader on top of a photographer. A thin cloud of dust surrounds us as I tap the brakes and park the car just at the brink of the bridge and she hops out with her camera bag on her shoulder. Lila and I trek after her, taking our sweet time, but I halt at the line that splits the road from the bridge. ââ¬Å"So is this the bridge?â⬠Lila asks, watching me through her sunglasses. I stare at the spot on the ground where Micha and I stood kissing in the rain. ââ¬Å"Yeah, this is the bridge.â⬠With a quiver in my heart, I step onto the concrete and walk up to the railing. Gripping the bar, I gaze out at the lake, glistening in the sunlight, so much brighter than that rainy night. Caroline clicks her camera, getting the lake at every angle while Lila roams to the other side. The wind blows through my hair and I shut my eyes, going back to that night. I'd been cleaning out my mom's medicine cabinet earlier that morning and had come across the bottle of pills she'd taken to keep her delusions under control. I'd wondered if they'd worked for her and how they made her mind see life. So I took one to see for myself and then headed off with Micha to a party. As soon as I'd climbed in his car, he'd sensed something was off with me. ââ¬Å"You look out of it,â⬠he said. ââ¬Å"Maybe we should just stay in tonight.â⬠I shook my head and motioned for him to drive. Frowning, he drove us to the party, but he kept a close eye on me almost the entire night, following me like a puppy. Usually, I didn't mind, but I grew restless with the desire to figure out what the hell my mother was thinking. So when Micha got preoccupied by a girl, I cornered Grantford and asked him to drive me to the bridge. He had happily obliged, thinking he was going to get some. When we arrived at the bridge it was raining buckets of water. I thanked him politely and told him he could go. He was pissed and started yammering something about why the hell did he drive me out here. I shrugged and slammed the door shut, stepping out into the rain. He spun away from the bridge, the tires of his pickup kicking up gravel and mud all over my boots. I walked over to the railing and stepped up onto the curb, observing the water through the veil of rain. But it wasn't close enough, so I stepped up onto the beam just like I remembered her doing. It still didn't make sense why she did it ââ¬â why she thought she could fly and I don't think it ever will. I jerk away from my reminiscing and concentrate on Caroline, who's still snapping pictures, with the long lens of her camera close to my face. ââ¬Å"You're a deep thinker,â⬠she remarks and clicks her camera again. ââ¬Å"And you photograph well.â⬠I shake my head. ââ¬Å"No, I'm not. Not really.â⬠She snaps another picture and moves the camera away. ââ¬Å"As a photographer I get to see through a totally different eye. I think it makes me see people differently ââ¬â more clearly.â⬠ââ¬Å"Like a mirror?â⬠ââ¬Å"Yeah, kind of.â⬠She turns the lens toward the lake and starts snapping pictures of it. I recline against the railing and scroll through my messages. I only have one, Micha's voicemail from a few weeks ago. I decide maybe it's time. I press dial and put it up to my ear. ââ¬Å"Hey Ella, it's Micha,â⬠he says nervously, unlike himself, and sighs ââ¬Å"Well, that was a stupid opening line, so pretend you didn't hear that.â⬠A smile tugs at the corners of my lips. That sounds more like him. ââ¬Å"Anyway, I'm kind of irritated that you just took off and haven't called.â⬠He pauses and I can hear Ethan in the background. ââ¬Å"Actually, I'm fucking pissed off. I don't even know what to say. You just bail after everything we've been through. Do you know how crazy I've been wondering where you were or if you were even alive? My heart compresses in my chest. I've never heard him so upset. ââ¬Å"You just bailed out on everyone and people need you, even if you don't think so. Grady's sick ââ¬â he has cancer andâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ He inhales a shaky breath. ââ¬Å"I still love youâ⬠¦ I don't know what else to say and there's probably not even a point of saying anymoreâ⬠¦ you won't call me back.â⬠It clicks and the message ends. It's not what I was imagining. I'd never once looked at it from his side ââ¬â how worried he must have been. I send him another text, but again, he doesn't respond. *** One week passes and I still don't hear from Micha. He won't call me or answer my texts, and his phone is going straight to voicemail. His mom has no idea where he is either and she's starting to get really worried. Ever since I returned from the bridge, little images of what happened when Micha picked me up that night have been flickering through my head. Something infinite happened that night, not with Micha, but with me. I arrive at the conclusion, while I'm sitting out on my porch, staring at his vacant driveway, that it's time to get to the bottom of what's going on with Micha. There is only one person I could think of who might know where he is. Ethan. And I need backup. ââ¬Å"What are we trying to get out of him?â⬠Lila asks as I drive up to the shop Ethan works at. ââ¬Å"Where Micha is.â⬠I tell her, putting the shifter into park. ââ¬Å"And I think Ethan might know.â⬠Her forehead scrunches as she eyes the open garage door. Ethan is behind a car being worked on, tossing a screwdriver and catching it like a baseball. ââ¬Å"But why am I here?â⬠ââ¬Å"Because you're my backup.â⬠ââ¬Å"And what exactly is it you want me to do?â⬠ââ¬Å"I'm not sure yet.â⬠I bite my nail, assessing the situation. Ethan is dressed in a nice pair of jeans and plaid button-down shirt, not his work clothes, which means he can leave if he wants to and he probably will, making this as difficult as possible. Especially if Micha told him not to tell me. He tips his head back and laughs at something his dad said. Then his eyes find my dad's Firebird and his expression drops. I open the door and he throws down the tool and runs through the shop. I jog across the gravel and swing open the front door, leaving Lila behind. Sitting behind the counter is Mrs. Gregory, Ethan's mother who has the same dark hair and brown eyes as Ethan. She looks up quickly from a magazine and her eyes brighten. ââ¬Å"Ella, is that you?â⬠She gets up from the stool and rounds the counter to give me a hug. ââ¬Å"I didn't know you were back, honey.â⬠ââ¬Å"For the summer, I am.â⬠My eyes skim the room and the shop. ââ¬Å"Is Ethan in there?â⬠She points over her shoulder. ââ¬Å"He just ran back into the storage room. You want me to go get him?â⬠ââ¬Å"Would you mind if I did?â⬠I ask politely. ââ¬Å"Sure, hun.â⬠She steps aside and lets me behind the counter. The storage room is lined with rows and rows of shelves holding parts for cars. It's quiet, dark, and the sink has a drip. ââ¬Å"Ethan,â⬠I say, shutting the door quietly behind me. ââ¬Å"I know you're in here.â⬠ââ¬Å"I hear a shuffle from the back corner diagonal from me. I hurry down the tire aisle, peeking through the shelf, and catch him running up the other side. I skitter backwards, hoping to cut him off at the end by the door. ââ¬Å"Ethan will you please talk to me?â⬠My voice echoes back at me. Looking left then right, I exit the aisle. ââ¬Å"Look, I know he told you where he went, so will you please just tell meâ⬠¦ or at least tell me if he's okay.â⬠He suddenly reveals himself from an aisle a few rows down. ââ¬Å"He told me not to tell you where he was.â⬠I press my lips together at the sting in my heart. ââ¬Å"I need to know. I'm worried about him.â⬠He props his elbow on the edge of a shelf. ââ¬Å"Well, now you know how he's felt for the last eight months.â⬠The painful feeling of reality sinks in. ââ¬Å"Please, please, will you just tell me where he is. It's killing me not knowing.â⬠He eyes me over, like he's hunting for my sincerity. ââ¬Å"He went to see his dad.â⬠My jaw almost hits the floor. ââ¬Å"When did he find out where his dad was?â⬠Ethan sighs and leans against the shelf. ââ¬Å"He started calling the house a few weeks ago, asking to talk to Micha. Micha wouldn't talk to him, but then a few days ago, he finally decided it was time to go see him.â⬠ââ¬Å"Is he still with his dad?â⬠I ask. He hesitates. ââ¬Å"Noâ⬠¦ Let's just say the visit didn't go very well.â⬠I force the lump in my throat down. ââ¬Å"Is he okay?â⬠ââ¬Å"I'm not sureâ⬠¦.He was staying with some of our old friends over at Farrows Park the last time I talked to him.â⬠ââ¬Å"Is he coming back?â⬠ââ¬Å"Again, I'm not sure.â⬠I sink to the cold concrete floor and let my head fall into my hands. ââ¬Å"Why didn't he tell me?â⬠Ethan puffs out a loud breath and sits down beside me. ââ¬Å"Because he didn't want you dealing with his problems on top of your own. He worries about you all the time. It's kind of annoying.â⬠I raise my head and scowl at him. He chuckles and nudges me with his elbow. ââ¬Å"What? I'm the one who's had to listen to him talk about you for the last eight months. At one point, I almost stabbed my ears out just so I didn't have to hear it.â⬠I give a gentle pat to his knee. ââ¬Å"Pretend all you want. You're not as bad of a guy as you want people to think.â⬠He comprehends the deeper meaning to my words. ââ¬Å"Yeah, yeah, say what you want, but deep down, I'm just your average douche bag, like every other guy out there.â⬠Laughing, we get up and go out to the lobby, where there's a guy waiting at the front counter. He walks me to the door and stares out at Lila sitting out on the hood of my car examining her watch. ââ¬Å"So what are you going to do?â⬠he asks as I push open the door. ââ¬Å"I'm not sure yet,â⬠I say. ââ¬Å"I doubt you're going to tell me where the house is that he's staying at.â⬠ââ¬Å"I don't think it'd be a good idea for you to go there. He needs to clear his head.â⬠He backs up toward the register with his hands stuffed into his pockets. ââ¬Å"I got customers to take care of.â⬠I meet Lila at the car and she slides off the hood. ââ¬Å"Did he tell you anything?â⬠We climb in the car and I quickly explain to her the vague details of what happened. ââ¬Å"So where are we going?â⬠she asks, buckling her seatbelt. The sunlight sparkles through the windshield and into my eyes. ââ¬Å"We're going home.â⬠*** A couple more days drag by and I still don't hear anything from Micha. It baffles me how much I miss him, but I do my best to keep busy, not wanting to get sucked up in the loneliness and worry. Dean and Caroline went home about a week ago. Caroline told me they'd come back to visit before the summer was over or she would at least see me again at the wedding, which is in October. Lila is out for the day with Ethan, not on a date, something they both insisted when I brought it up. My dad is locked in his room. He had a rough night and got into a fight. I received a call from Denny at two o'clock in the morning telling me to come pick him up. Deciding I need a break from my house, I peek in on my dad who is fast asleep, and then drive over to Grady's house. Amy's car is parked in front of the trailer and the front door is wide open, swaying in the wind a little. I hop out of the car as she walks outside with a bag over her shoulder and a box of Grady's stuff in her arms. I fear the worst has happened. ââ¬Å"Is everything okay?â⬠She sighs, transferring the box to the side of her hip to free her hand so she can get the car door open. ââ¬Å"He caught a bad case of pneumonia and he's been taken to the hospital over in Monroe.â⬠I brace my hand on the trunk of the car for support. ââ¬Å"Is he okay?â⬠Shaking her head, she sets the box on the seat and slams the door shut with her hip. ââ¬Å"His body's already fightin' cancer. This just makes things worse.â⬠ââ¬Å"I need to go see him,â⬠I mumble and turn for my car. ââ¬Å"He can't have visitors right now, Ella,â⬠she says empathetically. ââ¬Å"His immune system's too low.â⬠I frown. ââ¬Å"Will you let me know when he can?â⬠She gives me a small smile, but there's something in her eyes I don't like. ââ¬Å"Yeah, hun. I will.â⬠As I back down the driveway, watching her lock up, I feel helpless and out-of-control. I want to run away, back to Vegas, or somewhere else equally as far away, so I won't have to feel it. But I don't. *** I try not to stress too much about Grady, but my thoughts keep drifting to him. Whether he's in a hospital bed with sterilized walls? Or did Amy take a box of his stuff to fix it up for him? ââ¬Å"What song is this?â⬠Lila is lying on her stomach in my bed, flipping through the pages of a magazine. ââ¬Å"ââ¬ËBlack Sun' by Jo Mango,â⬠I say, sharpening one of my charcoal pencils over the garbage in my bedroom. ââ¬Å"It's sad.â⬠She frowns, resting her chin in her hand. ââ¬Å"It makes me want to cry.â⬠ââ¬Å"It's a good song to draw to.â⬠I return to my drawing on the floor. The dark lines of it form pieces of a shattered mirror and I start sketching a picture of a guitar inside one of them. When I'm done, each piece will hold something about my life, but it might take me a while to finish it. Lila raises her head away from her hand and glances at the window. ââ¬Å"Did you hear that?â⬠There's shouting coming from outside, loud enough to be heard over the music. I shade one of the corners with my pinky. ââ¬Å"It's probably just the neighbors.â⬠The yelling gets louder and Lila sits up nervously and draws back the curtain. ââ¬Å"Ella, there's a man and a woman fighting out in front of the driveway.â⬠I set my pencil down on the floor and go over to the window. There's a short, fat man and a tall, slender woman yelling at each other just outside the boundaries of my front yard. ââ¬Å"That's the Anderson's,â⬠I explain. ââ¬Å"They always do that.â⬠ââ¬Å"We should stop it,â⬠she says worriedly. ââ¬Å"He might hurt her.â⬠ââ¬Å"I'll take care of it,â⬠I tell her. ââ¬Å"You stay here.â⬠I pad down the stairs, barefoot and in my boxer shorts and tank top, and poke my head out the door, but the Anderson's have vanished from the street. The lyrics and music of ââ¬Å"Behind Blue Eyesâ⬠by The Who is blasting from the stereo in Micha's room next door. It's his sad mood song, the one he lets play over and over again when he's depressed. The lights aren't on in the house, but the one in the garage shines brightly into the night. Sticking out of the open door is the back end of his Chevelle. There's a large dent in the bumper that wasn't there when he left and a scratch on the corner of the fender. Walking down the steps the concrete is ice-cold against my bare feet. I spot him through the window of the garage, searching the shelf for something with a cigarette in his mouth. I watch him move, my pulse instantly speeding up, and I have to work to keep breathing. As he pulls away from the shelf with a box in his hand, he turns his head toward the window, like he senses me out here. Our eyes lock and collide. He sets the box down and disappears out of my view. A few seconds later he walks out of the garage. His jeans ride low on his hips and the porch light hits his chest, highlighting his well-defined muscles and the cursive font of the tattoo on his rib. ââ¬Å"When did you start smoking again?â⬠I inquire from my driveway. He takes the cigarette out of his mouth with his eyes on me. ââ¬Å"I slipped up a few days agoâ⬠¦ There's just too much going on, I guess.â⬠I take a few small steps across the driveway and my heart thuds in my chest. ââ¬Å"Is it because of your dad?â⬠Micha reaches the grass, just before the fence divides our houses. ââ¬Å"How do you know about that?â⬠I stop just short of the fence and wrap my arms around myself to keep warm. ââ¬Å"Ethan told me.â⬠He shakes his head, annoyed. ââ¬Å"He's worse than a girl.â⬠ââ¬Å"Hey.â⬠I feign offense, attempting to lighten his mood. ââ¬Å"Not all girls are bad. I've always been an excellent secret keeper. You know that.â⬠He places his hands on the fence and clutches at the links. ââ¬Å"I don't know if that's true anymore.â⬠He gestures his hand at me. ââ¬Å"Maybe this was who you always were. Maybe this place was just getting in the way of you.â⬠He's upset and I need to get to the bottom of why. ââ¬Å"You could have told me about your dad.â⬠ââ¬Å"Could I of?â⬠The front of his thighs push against the fence. ââ¬Å"I don't think you can handle it right now ââ¬â you can barely handle your own problems.â⬠I reduce the small gap left between the fence and myself. ââ¬Å"Try me.â⬠His eyes examine my face, looking for something deep within me. Then his head falls down, defeated, and he lets out a slow breath. ââ¬Å"It was almost as painful as that day you ran off. I mean, he has a whole other fucking familyâ⬠¦.â⬠His voice cracks and he clears his throat. ââ¬Å"Like we weren't good enough or something.â⬠The ache in his voice nearly kills me. I close my eyes and tell myself I can do this ââ¬â that I'm the strong one at the moment. My eyes open and I put my finger under his chin, forcing him to look at me. His eyes are glassy, like he's about to cry, and he tries to look away. I place an unsteady hand on his cheek and maintain his gaze. ââ¬Å"I know it hurts right now,â⬠I say, grappling my voice even. ââ¬Å"But it will get better. It'll just take some time and I'll be here for you this time. I promise.â⬠He looks unconvinced. Not knowing what else to say, I stand on my tiptoes, lean over the fence, and lightly graze my lips across his. Heat caresses my mouth and skin. ââ¬Å"I need you right now,â⬠Micha murmurs against my lips with so much desire in his eyes that my knees buckle. ââ¬Å"I need this right now.â⬠His hand cups around the back of my neck, much gentler than the intensity in his voice, and he crashes my body against his. He tempts me with a soft brush of his lips and every ounce of sexual tension between us explodes. I can't help myself ââ¬â I fall into him. My lips part willingly, lost in the mind-numbing moment as he slips his tongue deep inside my mouth, devouring me thoroughly. He tastes like cigarettes mingled with mint and the scent of his cologne is intoxicating. My hands trace up the front of his bare chest, and I loop my arms around his neck. The links of the fence dig into my skin as we crush it between our bodies, trying to bury ourselves into one another. Micha pulls away for a second and my lips falter in protest, but he lifts me up over the fence and encourages my legs around his waist. My inner thighs burn as they graze his hips. Every part of him touches me and it makes my body flame. I arch into him, moaning as his lips return to mine even more ravenously. ââ¬Å"Oh my God, this feels so good.â⬠He groans, before heading toward his house. ââ¬Å"What are you doing?â⬠I whisper against his lips, knowing where he's going, but I'm not sure I'm ready for it yet. ââ¬Å"Shhâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ His warm tongue slips deep inside my mouth and I forget about arguing. His hands hold me up by the ass as he kicks the back door open and stumbles into his kitchen. He knocks over a lamp and bumps into the wall as he carries me blindly down the hall and into his room. Then we collapse on the bed, tangled together. The music is loud and he reaches over to the stereo and turns it down so it filters through the room softly. ââ¬Å"Ow,â⬠I squeal, squirming. ââ¬Å"Something just poked me.â⬠ââ¬Å"I'm pretty sure that's supposed to happen,â⬠Micha jokes with feral eyes. I swat his chest and reach underneath me, retrieving a drumstick. He snatches it from my hand, laughing softly as he chucks it over his shoulder and it lands somewhere in the dark. His face turns serious as he smoothes my hair back, looking into my eyes so passionately, my nerves crack through. ââ¬Å"Do you know I realized I loved you when we were like sixteen? But I didn't want to tell you because I was afraid you'd run away.â⬠I prop up on my elbows, making our faces inches away. Strands of his hair hang in my face. ââ¬Å"But I was normal back then. Or at least partly normal.â⬠He lets his forehead rest against mine. ââ¬Å"Yeah, but I thought that's how things were supposed to happen when people were in love.â⬠I realize how bad I must have hurt him when I ran off after he tried to tell me he loved me. ââ¬Å"Micha, I'm sorry.â⬠His jaw spasms and he tips his head back up. When he kisses me again, it feels different somehow ââ¬â more intimate. My apprehension starts to emerge, but I choke it down and let my head fall back against the pillow. His lips follow mine and he kisses all the fear out of me. My chest presses into his as my neck arches against his trail of kisses along my skin, sucking and nipping at it all the way down. ââ¬Å"Fuck,â⬠he groans when his mouth reaches the curve of my breast. The fabric of my tank top is thin and I don't have a bra on. Hesitantly, his tongue lightly slides between my breasts. Instantly, my nipples harden and an irrepressible moan escapes from my lips as desire takes over my body. I sit up, stunning him, and he moves back. ââ¬Å"What's wrong?â⬠he asks. Sucking in a deep breath of air, I shut my eyes and wiggle my shirt off. My chest heaves, bare and exposed, as my lungs strain for air. I've never been this far with a guy before ââ¬â never wanted to. Getting close to someone meant getting attached and getting attached has only brought me hurt in the past. But Micha's different. He always has been. I just didn't realize it until now. He takes me in deliberately and then covers his body with mine, colliding our bare chest together as we collapse back onto the mattress. My fingers tangle in his soft hair as his hands travel down my shoulders to my breasts. My back bows up, seeking to feed a starvation inside my body, but unsure how to do it. Pausing, I curve my hips and rub up against him. A shot of ecstasy swells through my body and a gasp fumbles from my lips. Hearing the unrestrained noise sends me into a state of anxiety and I fall back to reality. I'm not sure if my mind is ready to go where my body obviously wants to ââ¬â whether I can allow myself to completely let go. ââ¬Å"Micha wait,â⬠I say in a strained voice. He jerks back quickly, his hand still cupping my breast. ââ¬Å"What is it?â⬠ââ¬Å"I'm sorry. I just can'tâ⬠¦ I don't think I'm ready yet.â⬠He kisses my forehead tenderly and boosts up on his elbows, his body still hovering over me. With his fingertip, he sketches a line from my temple to my jaw and my eyelids flutter. ââ¬Å"Will you let me try one more thing?â⬠I open my eyes, dazed from his touch. ââ¬Å"I'm not sure if I can go any farther tonight.â⬠ââ¬Å"Just trust me, okay?â⬠he says. ââ¬Å"And if it gets to be too much, just say and I promise I'll stop.â⬠I bite at my lip, knowing where he's going with this. ââ¬Å"Okay.â⬠Unhurriedly, with his eyes fastened on mine, he moves his mouth and kisses the hollow of my neck, sending shivers over my skin. His lips move downward and linger just above my breast. My eyes shut as his mouth touches my nipple and his tongue slips out over it. He sucks on it hard and I swear to God I can't breathe. My legs vice-grip around him and the longer he devours me, the fiercer his mouth gets. With each movement of his tongue, my thighs burn hotter. I needâ⬠¦ something. ââ¬Å"Micha, Iâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ââ¬Å"Shhâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ he whispers and trails rapturous kisses up my neck. ââ¬Å"I'll take care of it.â⬠His fingers slide down my bare stomach and to the bottom of my shorts, leaving a path of heat along my skin. As his lips find mine again, his finger slips deep inside me. The lyrics of the music fade away as my panic bursts into a thousand blissful pieces. Micha When Ella screams out my name, with her head tipped back, her eyes lost, it's unlike anything I've ever experienced before. She trusted me enough to do things to her that no one else has and it makes me feel alive again. Of course, my dick is so hard it actually hurts. ââ¬Å"Behind Blue Eyesâ⬠by The Who is stuck on repeat and fills up the moment. It's the song I turn on when I feel down, but I don't think it's going to be that anymore ââ¬â not after tonight. I brush her hair away from her forehead. ââ¬Å"Are you okay?â⬠Her green eyes are glazed over as she nods her head up and down. There's a look on her face that brings a smile to my lips. ââ¬Å"I'm better than fine.â⬠She leans up and kisses me. I draw her in, intensifying the kiss, then let her go, needing to cool down. ââ¬Å"You should stay here tonight.â⬠I expect her to protest, but she nods as she tugs her shirt back over her head. ââ¬Å"Okay, but I'll have to use your phone to text Lila. I didn't bring mine with me.â⬠I kiss her forehead, then her temple, breathing her in. ââ¬Å"I'm gonna go take a shower. I'll be right back.â⬠Confining a laugh, she reaches for my phone on my nightstand. ââ¬Å"A cold one?â⬠I grab some clothes out of my dresser and back out the doorway. ââ¬Å"You better watch it, Ella May. Or I may decide against it and you'll just have to deal with me for the rest of the night.â⬠She flops back on the bed as she sends a text. ââ¬Å"Maybe that's what I'm hoping for.â⬠Shaking my head, I throw my clothes on the floor and jump onto the bed, putting a knee on each side of her. She laughs as I playfully trap her arms above her head. I move my lips next to her ear and gently take a nip at her. I breathe on her neck, letting my warm breath cause her to shudder, teasing her and driving both our bodies crazy. She lets out a moan and I feel her legs start to move around me. Sighing, I pull away before I get even more wound up. ââ¬Å"Okay, I have to go take a shower.â⬠I climb off the bed, watching her all the way to the door. Once I'm out of the room, all of the pain I've been feeling about my dad smothers me again, but all I can do is keep breathing. meredithtaylhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04383045893146065377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8245928606389615345.post-38830941283152339562020-01-05T05:14:00.001-08:002020-01-05T05:14:02.738-08:00Recommended Childrens Books About Hurricanes meredithtaylhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04383045893146065377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8245928606389615345.post-76577757073842704812019-12-28T01:39:00.001-08:002019-12-28T01:39:05.529-08:00Capstone - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 30 Words: 9113 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? FOREWORD overview of the Dissertation Capstone Module In definitional terms, a dissertation is a capstone is commonly defined as A crowning achievement; a culmination (Wordnet). A capstone module (which is often described variously as a dissertation / thesis / research project / final project etc.) is found across most subject areas in most Universities in most EU Member States, as an integral part of first-cycle (Bachelor degree) and second-cycle (Master degree) qualifications, e.g. Silbergh has noted that, More or less regardless of the educational system, at an advanced level of your studies you will be faced with the prospect of writing a dissertation for the first time (Silbergh, 2001).. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Capstone" essay for you Create order The capstone module acts as an integrative and culminating module and is central to the student being able to demonstrate the high-level skills and knowledge required to earn a degree-level qualification. INTRODUCTION overview of this booklet Given the context for the Dissertation Capstone Module Project noted above, its main aim is undertake an in-depth investigation of a substantial issue or problem associated with International Business. To do this candidates will be required to draw on appropriate theories and methods in order to complete this largely self-managed project leading to an extensive piece of written work. A general note on doing your dissertation Dissertations take time, they are hard work, and they form a key element of programme assessment, moreover, your capstone project will be challenging and rewarding but will require you to work in a way that is both self-disciplined and intellectually demanding. Most dissertations will be based upon the taught modules from your programme of study and draw on the academic knowledge and past experiences of others in your chosen field. As you develop your dissertation you will need to conduct a review of the literature in your chosen field and then choose to investigate in detail some of its specific themes, before collecting appropriate information and data and seeking to analyse and apply this to your chosen problem, having regard to the literature and to your own project aims. This process will not only require you to work in a way that is rigorous, but will also require you to be creative, to solve problems (both practical and intellectual) and develop your own approach to the management of your dissertation. Whatever types of problem you address in your capstone dissertation, the process of investigation is not likely to be easy. Doing a dissertation will be challenging for you; however you will learn a tremendous amount while working on it. Completed dissertation capstone projects do not just materialise and, as it will represent a key element of your final degree award, do not underestimate its importance as well as representing an advanced opportunity to demonstrate what you have learned throughout your studies the capstone module can also provide evidence to potential employers of your areas of competence and can form a basis for the potential development of future specialisms and expertise, whether in the workplace or through further study. Overview of this booklet Following on from this introduction, this booklet is structured as follows: An overview of the general aims that are common to all dissertations and capstone modules; A review of key issues associated with the supervision of dissertations; An outline of the key criteria that will be used to assess your dissertation; Some thoughts on how your dissertation relates to employability in a globalising world economy; References and appendices. International Business Dissertation: a General Context International Business Research Methods and Your Topic The International Research Methods module running over both Semester A and Semester B have been designed to encourage development of an appropriate topic for research. However, it is natural that his will be subject to refinement as you take the project forward with your supervisor. The topic you choose must: include issues and problems that are relevant to your programme of study; relate to a theoretical base that you have knowledge of; be restricted in scope to allow you to develop depth in your work; be manageable in the timescale available to you. As noted above, the chosen topic area must allow you to develop an analysis in depth. If you are finding it difficult to develop your thinking, the following are a few examples of how to identify a suitable problem to address in your dissertation: draw on themes and topics that you have explored in your studies so far; consult the literature and read widely; review past research for new areas to examine; ask lecturers and/or people in outside bodies for advice; brainstorm with classmates, listing as many ideas as possible. THE SPECIFIC FRAMEWORK FOR YOUR Disseration Specific issues that you must have regard to in relation to the specifics of undertaking your dissertation are as listed below. MODULE AIM Following from initial comment about the core purpose of the International Business dissertation: Ãâà · It provides the opportunity to deal analytically and creatively with complex issues through the application of appropriate techniques allowing an investigation into business and management issues. Ãâà · This requires a detailed awareness of a range of organisational data, research sources and appropriate methodologies. The execution and presentation of the dissertation will demonstrate self-direction, problem solving and high-level written communication skills. MODULE LEARNING OUTCOMES Learning outcomes reflect the academic rationale for a module and the intended achievement by students successful in the module in terms of knowledge, understanding and skills. Students successfully completing this module should be able to: Investigate an appropriate research problem, having regard to existing scholarship; Demonstrate a systematic understanding of Knowledge about a critical awareness of competing perspectives on International Business; Evaluate and apply appropriate research methods to meet the specified aim of the dissertation; Demonstrate advanced skills in undertaking data analysis in relation to their international problem; Present intellectually robust and evidence-based conclusions and recommendations. TOPIC CHOICE AND APPROVAL You are required to select a subject area and draw from it a dissertation title, aims and objectives. This is one of the most difficult phases of your research and one, which needs great consideration. The dissertation supervisor will be of assistance and the research proposal you developed earlier in the International Business Research Methods module (Sem A B) will also help to clarify your thoughts. The topic area you finally pursue must: J include issues and problems that are specific to International Business J relate to themes draw from the programmes modules J be restricted in scope to allow you to develop depth, and carry out primary research J be manageable in the time scale available to you. In addition the issues you choose to base a dissertation on MUST: have a solid basis in the academic and research literature involve the collection and analysis of primary data Normally, your dissertation will examine the issues outlined in the proposal developed for the International Business Research Methods module. This proposal will subsequently be refined by the student taking into account feedback provided on the marked proposal and the supervisors expertise in the topic of investigation. The supervisor is responsible for the approval of the refined proposal, which will form the basis for the intended dissertation. CONFIDENTIALITY You may need to explain to potential contributors that all data gathered will be treated confidentially. If any dissertation collaborating organisation has provided confidential information, the dissertation may remain confidential. Check out the necessary procedures with your Academic supervisor. GCU retain the right to require modifications to be made by the student and to require further bound copies to be submitted. RESEARCH ETHICS ON HUMAN PARTICIPANTS When planning any type of research involving human participants, it is the policy of Glasgow Caledonian University that staff and students should take account of ethical issues. Ethical scrutiny ensures that the individual rights of all research participants are given full consideration and that these rights are taken into account in a consistent manner according to agreed principles. Further, it acts as a safeguard for researchers who may occasionally face complaints from research participants. Finally, formal ethical scrutiny is a useful learning experience, which helps students engage in ethically sound practice whilst conducting research. Students are cautioned that any investigation that involves human participants (such as employees of the case subject organisation) regardless of the data collection tools used, requires a serious consideration of the ethical domain. Such consideration should be reflected in the design and execution of the selected data collection tools and in the treatment of the data collected. Some issues that require attention include: the level of stress or anxiety that may be experienced by participants, the level of detail provided by the researcher concerning the study and the implications for the respective participants, the use of a consent form and the option for participants to decline involvement in the study, the opportunity for participants to withdraw at a later stage in the study, adherence to the Data Protection Acts, confidentiality and anonymity. Students are further cautioned that when the intended investigation warrants a much deeper and more formal consideration of the ethical domain, the matter must be brought to the attention of the respective supervisor. Depending on the nature and scope of the study, in certain instances either internal (Glasgow Caledonian University Ethics Committee) or both internal and external ethical approval may be required prior to the commencement of the intended study. Please see APPENDIX 4 for further details. FUNDING Please note that all expenses incurred in researching, producing, printing and binding your dissertation are your own responsibility. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS DISSERTATION: SUPERVISION OUTPUTS This section focuses on both the supervision process for and the output requirements from the dissertation. Supervision involves providing academic guidance and support to students as they progress through the various stages of their project, with supervisors acting as a sounding board for ideas and commenting upon them. Supervision, the most advanced level of teaching in the education system (Connell, cited in Morrison et al 2007), is a fundamental component of a students learning journey in such dissertation capstone projects. Supervision occurs in a relational context between supervisor and the student, with the supervisor supporting the largely autonomous learning of the student. Thus, supervision constitutes a partnership between the supervisor and the student, based on the professionalism, integrity and respect that is vital for effective learning, governed by an implicit or explicit contract, which operates throughout the supervision process (as represented in Figure 1 below). Student supervisor contract A precursor to the contract, which as noted above can either be implicit or written, is for there to be a clear proposal in existence that explains the scope of the intended work, summarising the topic and focus of the dissertation project, the intended aim (or hypothesis), the approach / methods to be adopted and the value of intended output(s) from the project. The topic proposal, however generated, must come first as it will form the basis upon which the student supervisor contract is discussed, refined and agreed. When finalising the student supervisor contract particular attention will be paid to clarifying: the expectations of both parties as regards the supervision relationship; their respective roles and responsibilities; project details and work schedules; specific institutional / programme policies for the management of dissertations (e.g. the management of relationships with any external organisations); output criteria and requirements. Expectation refinement Expectation refinement is a process involving all relevant parties. In the case of a proposal by a student or an academic, discussion takes place between the student and academic supervisor. The contract may be formal or informal, depending on local requirements but, regardless of its nature, it will normally address issues of topic definition and interpretation, the scope of the planned work, progress requirements and milestones and further details as appropriate including the management of supervisory processes, individual tasks and responsibilities, support for the student and availability of supervision, availability of resources, action plans, expected outputs and deadlines. Roles and responsibilities Given that autonomous learning is a key feature of the International Business Disseratation, the responsibility for learning is borne largely by the student, with the supervisor in a supportive role. Output criteria The output from the International Business Dissertation will be formal submission of 12,000 15,000 words. In addition, within the written thesis there are again diverse options: theory-supported empirical research; secondary source, review-based studies; and, conceptual or theory-based research. Project conduct progress The agreed contract will help guide the dissertation project to successful completion through: awareness of individual responsibilities; detailed understanding of the project remit and challenges; regular evidence-based discussions of student work; timely submission of required material by the student; and, timely feedback by the supervisor. In addition, supervisors are responsible for helping the student to comply with the applicable institutional regulations. Project output finalisation The finalisation of the output is a critical stage in the overall process and requires a high level of commitment and timely effort from all parties. The supervisor is required to review the penultimate draft, provide relevant feedback and caution the student if any element of the stipulated output requirements has not been addressed. The student is responsible for taking on board the final feedback received and amending the work accordingly for final submission. It is NOT permitted for the student to submit a final dissertation that has not previously been reviewed by the supervisor. There must be evidence of the student developing the text following the supervisors directions. Assessment preparation Given the multitude of potential dissertation outputs, varied arrangements may be required for assessments, which may include viva voce and student presentation to a team of internal and external assessors. Advance notification of such requirement to the relevant parties should be provided by the supervisor in reasonable time. Assessment and feedback The staff concerned should ensure a fair and just assessment of the student. All submitted materials should be available for scrutiny and be assessed. Once any defence of the work is complete, the relevant parties (e.g. supervisor and mentor) should discuss with the student the performance on the output(s) and their defence of it. The aim of this feedback is to assist the student to draw lessons from and reflect on the learning gained through the process of the dissertation and link such insight into future learning and development needs (feed-forward). The end of the contract The student-supervisor contract concludes upon the successful completion of the dissertation, following the assessment, feedback and feed-forward stages. THE SPECIFIC FRAMEWORK FOR YOUR DISSERTATION MODULE Specific issues that you must have regard to in relation to the specifics of undertaking your capstone project in your institution are as listed below. CONTACTS For academic guidance on your dissertation please in the first instance contact your supervisor or the dissertation coordinator, Mr John Penlington. GENERAL MODULE DETAILS EXPECTATIONS REGARDING YOUR RESPONSIBILITIES The responsibility for learning in this module is borne largely by the student. Successful completion of the module requires significant initiative and effort on the part of the student to be proactive and: q Plan and organise proposed work q Engage in extensive and relevant wider reading q Initiate meetings and discussions with the appointed supervisor q Engage in considerable contemplation, evaluation, synthesis and organisation of the information and /or evidence gathered q Demonstrate maturity of thought, originality of ideas and contextual sensitivity q Manage time effectively DISSERTATION ORGANISATION AND MANAGEMENT Managing your task to maximise the quality of the analysis, while staying within your available time and resources, is an important part of the research. Practical analysis is about professional realism, rather than idealistic perfection. You will find that tasks can be divided into two types, the predictable and the unpredictable. The basic idea is to plan your work around the predictable tasks but leave a degree of slack to cope with that unpredictable mishap, or new development. Often we find it difficult to cope with huge amounts of information, or massive all-in-one tasks. An effective way of dealing with any task is to break the task into component parts and achieve each part separately to a specific target. These sub, or lesser tasks can be scheduled and rescheduled, worked on independently or simultaneously. Other important elements to consider in managing and organising research dissertations are: (i) Support systems While doing research can be a lonely life it is essential that you establish who is responsible for various elements of your data collection and analysis process. These people are not going to do the dissertation for you but they will assist you. Find out who your subject librarian is, who your supervisor is, where computer facilities are available and who to seek assistance from in terms of equipment, software, printing materials etc. It is essential you build informal links with other researchers to share problems and even bounce ideas off each other. While your dissertation will be unique, you should try to interact with various elements of the support systems to present your idea in a logical and professional manner. (ii) Technology As you may expect, technology plays a key role in the gathering, processing, and presenting of research data. In terms of data collection the technology you have at your disposal is essentially Refworks, on line searches, CD-ROM ABI inform, FAME, newspaper archives, etc., and the telephone. Many of these services are available in the library see GCU home page and library sources. Contact the Library for tips on industry/company analysis. To process information, computers are a must. Remember, there are many computer facilities in the University. A useful tip here is to decide on a computer software package and stick with it all the way through the dissertation. This allows you to write up as you go along and prevents compatibility problems in later research stages. In a similar manner, it is advisable to use software packages that allow easy printing. You will have access to University printers where available. It is your responsibility to produce, print, copy, and bind the dissertation. Remember this takes time; do not leave it to the last minute. (iii) Time management It is highly advisable to produce a time target schedule in agreement with your supervisor, stating what is to be achieved and by when. Plan well ahead, build in some slack, but avoid duplicating or irrelevant tasks. (iv) Filing systems Create a filing system. In this system record everything meetings, ideas, dissertation developments, data, models used etc. Organisation is the key, avoid time wasting. An effective and efficient filing system will allow you to identify how your dissertation has developed and expose key elements of your learning process. (v) Abstracting If you read an article, abstract it. This will save time in the later stages of your research when you have to find where quotes or references came from. In effect it saves you having to re-read articles unnecessarily. Why make extra work for yourself! DATA COLLECTION Data collection is of key importance to your research dissertation, its findings, and the resulting discussion. Weak or poor forms of data make results worthless no matter how well presented or analysed. Ideally, you must seek to balance your data sources to obtain the most relevant, reliable, accessible, and rigorous sources. The basic sources of information available are as follows: (i) Library: (Books, journals, CD-ROM, reports, etc.) These are obvious sources of materials, but it is important not to lose yourself in a vast library search. Libraries are very seductive places, and all too often people pop into the library, and emerge several hours later with a glazed expression and a two-month reading list. BE SELECTIVE in your reading, use your subject librarian to the full, and remember there is a plethora of libraries in Edinburgh and Glasgow you can use. See GCU Home Page. (ii) Company Documents: You are unlikely to get a hold of company documents through public sources unless the company is a PLC, in which case company accounts and reports will be available. If you are working in collaboration with a company on your dissertation they are likely to supply you with information which may be classified. REMEMBER all company information should be treated with great care as it is highly confidential. ALWAYS consult your supervisor as to the nature of such information. (iii) Primary Research Questionnaires, Interviews, Discussions: The most common source of primary research data is the interview or questionnaire. If you plan to undertake formal surveys either by interview or questionnaire, remember that they raise many problems of design, sampling and analysis, as well as taking a considerable amount of time to do justice to. Read the literature on research methods and take advice before you begin. Also think how you will handle the data i.e. what statistics software package will you use? If you do this at the start it will save a lot of heartache later! DISSERTATION PRESENTATION The dissertation should include a signed declaration by the student confirming the originality of the work on a separate page following the title page as detailed below This dissertation is my own original work and has not been submitted elsewhere in fulfilment of the requirements of this or any other award Signature Students are advised to retain all the data and materials relating to their dissertation until after they have graduated. It is pointless spending hours gathering, and analysing data if it is not presented in a logical and understandable manner. The main body of the research should be approximately 15,000 words in length. You may wish to structure the dissertation as follows: (remember this is only a suggestion. Structure your work in the way that best develops your analysis) Title Page (SEE APPENDIX 2) University department in which work was conducted title of dissertation full name of author qualification/ programme title year of submission Table of Contents List of Tables, graphs, figures etc. Acknowledgements Abstract (Maximum 1 page) Body of Text Introduction Chapters and sub sections (including aims, objectives and methods etc.) Conclusions References Appendices Your dissertation will involve a significant element of primary data and the body of text may be structured as follows (please remember this is only indicative) 1) Introduction Defining the research problem (10% of words or space) This section will establish what the research problem is i.e. what it is you are researching. The section should set the scene and provide an academic rationale for the study. All key assumptions should be established and the section concluded with a clear view of what is being examined and why. The result should be an articulation of the aims and objectives of the research. 2) Literature review (25% of words or space) This section will explore the relevant literature in the field. The emphasis of the section should be upon building a discussion of the available literature and comparing and contrasting the findings of previous work. From the literature review the researcher should draw out the key points from each author identifying points of agreement and disagreement and gaps in knowledge. It is important to demonstrate that the hypothesis or lines of inquiry that are to be pursued throughout the reminder of the dissertation are derived from the academic literature. 3) Research design and methods (10% of words or space) This section should remind the reader of the aims and objectives of the research and highlight the research questions to be investigated. The section also provides the researcher with an opportunity to explain their overall research design and choice of research methods. 4) Implementation of the research (20% of words or space) This section explains how the primary data for the study has been collected. Topics for discussion might include the sampling frame and research instruments e.g. the design of the questionnaire or interview schedule. 5) Presentation and analysis of data (20% of words or space) This section has two core elements, presentation of the findings where data is presented and the analysis of the data. The latter will allow deeper discussion of key issues and concepts relative to the researchers identified research problem, e.g. what does the data suggest about the hypothesis being investigated or the research questions around which the study is organized. Data analysis lies at the heart of a strong dissertation. 6) Conclusion (15% of words or space) This section should tie together the overall purpose of the research i.e. aims and objectives, with your findings. You must ensure that conclusions are valid and fully reflect the research data. Finally, the core points made in the dissertation can be reiterated and reflection or critique of the research approach and design can be undertaken. References References should be provided using the Harvard system and presented in alphabetical order. As an alternative to a reference section at the end of the document, the researcher may include references at the end of each chapter. Appendices Appendices are the collection of supplementary materials not presented in the core text. Remember this is a guide, discuss with your supervisor to see what structure they recommend. In terms of hard presentation of the dissertation It is your responsibility to print, copy and bind the dissertation. One electronic and two hard copies of the research are required, both may be spiral bound. The font choice is yours but it must be at least size 12 pt and double-spaced. Only print on one side of the paper. Leave a 40mm margin on the left-hand side to allow you to bind the research, with all other margins at least 20mm wide. Number all pages consecutively with page numbers 10mm from the bottom edge of the page. All figures and graphs should be numbered consecutively using the style 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 etc. relative to the chapter number, in this case chapter 1. (See Appendix 3) All tables should be numbered with roman numerals I, II, III, IV etc. (Appx 3) The Harvard style of referencing should be used. Please get a copy of the Citation Guide from the University library or library website. The work must be FULLY referenced. If you are unsure as to the style or format of presentation please seek assistance from your supervisor. FEEDBACK FROM SUPERVISOR STOP! Think have you achieved the aims and objectives you stated with? If not, what was the point of wasting the last few months? This is feedback! Often, you become so attached to your dissertation that it is difficult to take a critical view. Keep in touch with your supervisor. The research should be such that an educated reader can understand the methods, approach, and depending upon the extent of technical language; the findings and discussion. SUMMARY OF RESEARCH PROCESS (see Appendix 5 for more information) The research process can therefore be summarised as: Ãâà · Select a topic area Ãâà ¸ Formulate your aims and objectives, i.e. research questions Ãâà ¹ Determine how you will achieve these aims and objectives evaluate research methods Ãâà » Identify key sources of information Ãâà ¼ Collect and collate all the data Ãâà ½ Analyse results Ãâà ¾ Discuss the relevant findings Ãâà ¿ Pick out the key points that achieve the aims and objectives ÃÆ'â⠬ Identify areas of further study ÃÆ'? Acknowledge the limitations of the study Remember this is intended as a general guide if in doubt ask your supervisor. SUPERVISION: MORE SPECIFIC COMMENT ON ROLES RESPONSIBILITIES GCU GUIDELINES The discussion in this section is based on the relevant Glasgow Caledonian Universitys guidelines. The purpose of supervision is to provide academic guidance and support, and to act as a sounding board for, students as they progress through the various stages of this module. The Student-Supervisor relationship is based on professionalism, integrity and respect, and is vital for effective learning and successful completion of this module. The supervisor is there to assist and direct you in terms of research approach, suggested reading, alternative ideas, and general advice. The dissertation is the students responsibility and is a means of demonstrating personal ability to complete independently a major piece of work with minimum supervision. It is the responsibility of the student to maintain regular contact with the supervisor and thus be in a position to benefit fully from his/her experience and knowledge. It is important that the supervisor and the student have a shared understanding of the evolving dissertation, its strengths and weaknesses, areas that require further work and issues that remain outstanding. Achieving a shared sense of the dissertations progress is no easy matter. To help bring this about the supervisor and student will jointly record meetings and their outcomes in the Supervision Meeting Summary Form. It is the students responsibility to ensure that the form is completed and signed by both the student and the supervisor at the end of each meeting. SEE APPENDIX 1. Supervisors are very busy people make sure you agree a schedule of structured meeting and ensure you attend these meetings. If you have prepared a piece of work to be discussed at the meeting submit it to the supervisor a few days before the scheduled meetings to allow them to read the work and provide more thought out and constructive comments. Always keep your supervisor informed of all research developments and do not contact external institutions without the supervisors knowledge. Supervisors are expected to warn students where there is a possibility of the student failing the dissertation, or of not realising their full potential. However, acceptance of the dissertation by the supervisor does not necessarily imply that the work has achieved a standard warranting a pass. Additionally, supervisors must avoid raising a students expectation of a particular classification and students should not be given any indication of the mark the dissertation is likely to be awarded. Students should be aware that the final mark awarded to a piece of submitted work is subject to both internal and external moderation; external examiners are entitled to either raise or lower marks awarded by internal assessors. Students can only be allocated a supervisor for their dissertation following the submission of their Dissertation Proposal. Students are expected to make initial contact with their respective supervisors following allocation. The purpose of which is to agree a schedule of work for completing the dissertation by the submission deadline. Normally, the dissertations scope, rationale and review of literature will be addressed during the preparation of the proposal and the collection and analysis of primary date is guided by the dissertation supervisor. It is important that your supervisor is made aware of any problems you may be having with the dissertation and, in particular, anything which may lead to a late submission. Extensions to dissertations can not be granted without the approval of the Acting Programme Leader, John Penlington, and will only be considered if the student produces the required evidence even then the request for an extension may not be granted. The evidence required takes two key forms. Firstly, a medical certificate covering the period when the dissertation was being undertaken, and secondly written support from your supervisor and evidence of significant progress made. If you need further advice on this issue please speak to the programme leader, John Penlington. What supervisors expect of their students: q student to be independent q student to seek advice and comment on their work from others q to have regular meetings with supervisor q student to be honest when reporting on progress q student to follow advice which has been specifically requested by the student q student to be interested in the work q student to take ultimate responsibility for the direction and content of the project What students should expect of their supervisors: q to read the students work and be familiar with it q to be available when necessary, and within reason q to be friendly, open, supportive q to give students serious attention during meetings q to be constructively critical q to have a good knowledge of the research area and to exchange ideas freely q to be aware of future pitfalls in the research topic GRIEVANCE PROCEDURES Where a student believes that the service provided by his/her supervisor falls short of that required by the university, the relevant procedures are outlined below. In normal circumstances, the supervisor would be the first point of contact to discuss issues pertaining to this module. However, should you experience problems that the supervisor is unable to assist with, or that you do not want to raise with the supervisor, you should contact at the earliest opportune moment either John Penlington dissertation coordinator (and Acting Programme Leader) Students are advised to contact the Dissertation Coordinator via e-mail to arrange a mutually convenient meeting to discuss any issues concerning this module. Grievances should be brought to the attention of the Dissertation Coordinator, John Penlington, as soon as possible. Where the students grievance relates to the standard of supervision, no appeal against the mark awarded for the dissertation/project will be entertained unless the student has initiated the grievance procedure prior to submission of the dissertation/project. Please note that students intending to initiate formal grievance procedures on the grounds of perceived inadequate supervisory support must produce a written statement in support of their grievance using GCUs Complaint Form. Please refer to Glasgow Caledonian Universitys guidelines for further detail and documentation (accessible via website). INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS DISSERATATION: ASSESSMENT GUIDANCE Assessment is a vital, indeed the vital part of the dissertation, and it is crucial that in this area students are properly informed of the criteria against which their work will be judged, the processes that will be used for assessment and the timelines concerned, with clear stipulation of the dates and times for all key stages of the process from the delivery of the capstone product(s) by the student to examination, marking, feedback and feed-forward. Basic standards and considerations 1. The consequences of exceeding submission deadlines for dissertations must be clearly understood by the student. Unauthorised late submission of work equals an unfair advantage over other students. 2. Plagiarism is the most serious of academic offences and is defined here as: Deliberate and substantial unacknowledged incorporation into student work of material derived from the work (published or unpublished) of another. Plagiarism is considered a very serious offence and may also involve violation of legal regulations. The consequences of findings of plagiarism will be severe. 3. Copyright as with plagiarism, it is essential that students have regard to copyright legislation when preparing their work for submission, especially as regards the reproduction of diagrams, charts etc. Students also need to be clear in respect of institutional arrangements as regards where the copyright in their own work is vested is it held by them personally? by the institution? by an external collaborating organisation? or, is there some joint arrangement in place? The manner in which assessor(s) are selected and deployed must be clear to the student, regardless of whether it is an internal or external assessment that is to take place and, within the specified regulations and requirements to obtain a degree, there must exist clear criteria that are shared with students and which enable the assessor(s) to differentiate between grades awarded to capstone projects. Students must receive a grade and credit after the assessment of their dissertation. Assessment criteria general Key criteria are listed below, and remember there will also be local criteria to meet. In general, the assessment of the International Business Dissertation will include evaluation of: 1. The extent to which the student is able to provide an account of knowledge acquired within the subject area that their dissertation addresses. This will involve the assessor evaluating the students work as[1]: Ãâà § demonstrating an adequate and relevant knowledge of literature and of methods appropriate to the subject of investigation; Ãâà § demonstrating a wide and detailed knowledge of literature and of methods appropriate to the subject of investigation; Ãâà § demonstrating a systematic and comparative knowledge of literature and of methods appropriate to the subject of investigation. 2. The extent to which the student is able to evaluate the knowledge acquired in completing their disseration project. This will involve the assessor considering the students work as having achieved: Ãâà § a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of individual theories and methods / approaches, using a literal, systematic technique; Ãâà § a critical, comparative discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of a range of appropriate theories and methods / approaches, using a systematic technique; Ãâà § a critical, comparative discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of a range of appropriate theories and methods / approaches, leading to evidence of an overall synthesis of understanding. 3. The extent to which the student has been able to adopt knowledge and ideas (e.g. from academic and non-academic literature, from pre-existing evidence etc.) in shaping the design of their capstone project and in making sense of findings / analysing options. This will involve the assessor considering the students work as: Ãâà § embedding knowledge of a single approach in their project design to address issues and questions related to the subject matter of investigation; Ãâà § demonstrating wider and more detailed knowledge of multiple approaches when developing their project design to address issues and questions related to the subject matter of investigation; Ãâà § demonstrating a systematic and comparative knowledge of multiple approaches when developing their project design to address issues and questions related to the subject matter of investigation; Ãâà § critically analysing the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches when developing their project design to address issues and questions related to the subject matter of investigation and proposing feasible solutions to these issues and questions; Ãâà § critically analysing the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches when developing their project design, to address issues and questions related to the subject matter of investigation, building to the development of independent arguments in which the design is justified with clear reference to concepts / models / hypotheses and subsequently evaluated following the advancement of feasible solutions in a reflective fashion. 4. The extent to which the student has been able to move from an explanation of findings / proposals to valid conclusions. This will involve the assessor considering the students work as: Ãâà § giving an account of their conclusions in an easily understandable way; Ãâà § providing conclusions with reference to the existing knowledge and evidence base in a well-structured and efficient way; Ãâà § providing conclusions with a clear explanatory (rather than descriptive) direction, building on the existing knowledge and evidence base; Ãâà § providing conclusions which have the scope to require adaptation of the existing knowledge and evidence base and which may lead to the formulation of new concepts / models / theories. Assessment of the International Business Dissertation A Master degree can be awarded to a student who has, through their final submission: demonstrated knowledge and understanding that is founded upon and extends and/or enhances that typically associated with the Bachelors level in a manner that provides a basis or opportunity for originality in developing and/or applying ideas, typically within an academic research context; been able to apply this knowledge and understanding and their problem-solving abilities in new or unfamiliar environments and within broader (often multi-disciplinary) contexts related to their field of study; shown advanced knowledge of methodological issues, research approaches and methods; shown advanced capabilities as regards integrating knowledge, handling complexity and formulating judgements with incomplete or limited information, include reflecting upon the social and ethical responsibilities that flow from the application of their knowledge and judgements; communicated their conclusions, and the evidence base and rationale underpinning these, in a manner whereby specialist and non-specialist audiences can clearly and unambiguously comprehend them; developed the learning skills to have allowed them to continue to study in a sustained manner that is largely self-directed and autonomous. Post-assessment Following-on from the conclusion of the disseration, it is important not only that students receive feedback from their supervisor but that they have an opportunity to provide feedback to the institution on their capstone project experience. This requires there to be mechanisms in place to secure feedback from the student, especially as regards: quality of supervisory support; relevance of learning to the programme of study; facilitation processes and access to / clarity of supporting guidelines; areas of strength and of weakness; and, key challenges experienced. The actual mechanisms used to gather such information will vary from institution to institution, but when collated and analysed such data can help inform the continuous improvement of the capstone module. Students are kindly requested to take full advantage of any opportunities to provide feedback for the benefit of future candidates. KEY DATES ASSOCIATED ISSUES To secure the qualification your research must be completed, typed, bound and handed to the programme administrator, by Thursday 27, August 2009. Please note that if you do not submit at this time this will be regarded as a failed first attempt. You and your supervisor will therefore want to agree an outline timetable at an early stage. When thinking this over you may decide to work to the following indicative calendar. Your supervisor will continue to support you and you should submit draft chapters to him/her until the due date of 27 August, 2009. Keep in regular contact with your supervisor! Also, it is vital that provide the Programme Administrator with your current address details. Again! Please remember that, Your supervisor must have witnessed your work in progress. Failure to comply with this requirement may lead to a dissertation not being accepted. It is advisable to retain drafts and other working documents. A student who is allowed to preserve his/her first attempt will be required to submit at the second diet of the dissertation module. The submission date for the second diet is 14/01/10. A student who fails the first attempt will have one final opportunity to submit a satisfactory thesis. Students who fail at the second diet will not be permitted a further opportunity to submit a dissertation and will not receive the MSc. As noted above the submission date for the second and final dissertation diet is 14/01/10. Please remember to make the most of the time available to you. Students should not attempt to use the same substantive piece of work to meet the assessment requirements of another item of coursework, dissertation or project. Prior to submission: ÃÆ'à ¾ Ensure copyright has not been broken and there is no plagiarism ÃÆ'à ¾ Respect any confidentiality requirements and ensure you complete the ethics form Following the Assessment Board, students can collect the second copy from the CBS Postgraduate Programmes Office. NUMBER OF ATTEMPTS Students are allowed two attempts at the dissertation. Students failing to reach the minimum standard of 50% for the dissertation on the first attempt will be required to conduct further work and resubmit their dissertation for the next Assessment Board. The submission date for the second diet is 14/01/10. Students failing the module after the second submission of their project would be deemed to have exhausted all attempts and would be required to graduate with a Postgraduate Diploma. NON-SUBMISSION OF THE DISSERTATION Failure to submit the dissertation on the stipulated due date, will result in a mark of 0% being awarded and the non-submission being treated as a first attempt. Students with extenuating circumstances, such as illness, which contributed to their failure to meet the submission deadline, may apply to the Assessment Board for their resubmission to be treated as a first rather than a second attempt. Such an application will require the submission of both of the following documentation: 1 A Formal Glasgow Caledonian University Consideration of Special Factors Form, supported by appropriate documentation such as a Medical Certificate. 2 A statement from the students dissertation supervisor supporting the application; confirming that regular contact with the student has been maintained and adequate progress on the project has been made. The application will only be considered if both of the above are submitted in time for consideration by the Assessment Board. Please note that supervisors can decline to provide supporting documentation if s(he) has reservations concerning the students commitment to the dissertation (evidenced by limited contact and progress). MARKING To ensure equity and consistency, dissertations are doubled marked internally. Samples are forwarded to external examiners. The marking scheme will evaluate: Ãâà · suitability and focus of the topic . is the topic of relevance to the programme of study, what does it contribute to an understanding of the subject area, are aims and research questions spelt out Ãâà · coherence, logic and clarity .are the arguments presented coherent and underpinned by theoretical debate and research evidence, does the discussion build in a progressive manner and is the dissertation professionally presented Ãâà · methods and research approach . are the methods valid and reliable, what steps have been taken to reduce bias, are the approaches appropriate and well justified Ãâà · academic rigour, knowledge of the literature and referencing . do you build a discussion founded on accepted theory, discuss and counter accepted wisdom, build a balanced debate with focus on core concepts and theoretical constructs, is the dissertation fully referenced Ãâà · the investigation and appraisal of theory and data analysis . is there rigorous analysis of data, are findings supported, are other plausible hypotheses identified and discussed and, are the researchs limitations identified Ãâà · recommendations, discussion, and conclusions . are there clear detailed conclusions and recommendations founded on evidence and valid discussion, are there attempts to develop and apply the findings to a wider base or discuss the dangers of attempting to do such a thing, is there reflection and critique of the research design and methods UNDERSTANDING THE MARK AWARDED FOR THE DISSERTATION High Pass 70% and over Excellent analysis and synthesis of themes, issues and problems. Comprehensive knowledge of the area. Evidence of wide reading and use of appropriate examples to support exposition. Excellent presentation. Displayed comprehensive and critical analysis of the relevant theories, concepts and methods. Skilful applications. Conclusion covers all aspects of the content of the work and the strengths/weaknesses of the research design and its implementation. Pass 60%-69% Competence in analysis and synthesis of themes, issues and problems. Some incomplete knowledge, but generally good. Evidence of wide reading and use of appropriate examples. Good presentation. Displayed good grasp of theories, concepts and methods and has applied them appropriately. Conclusion covers analysis of objectives of the work in a solid manner and attention is given to the strengths/weaknesses of the research design and its implementation. Pass 50%-59% Permissible gaps in analysis and synthesis of themes, issues and problems. Incomplete knowledge in some areas. Has read around the area. Knowledge of broad generalisations but limited appreciation of depth and nuance. Incomplete grasp of theories, concepts and methods. Conclusion, not comprehensive either in terms of content or research design. Fail Below 50% Scant analysis and synthesis of themes, issues and problems. Little knowledge with little evidence of background reading. Reasoning poor. Little grasp of theories, concepts and methods, Conclusion offers an unsatisfactory evaluation of the studys aims and objectives, research design and findings. ENHANCING YOUR MARKS The marking bands are intended to reflect the degree to which the candidate demonstrates the following: Ãâà · Knowledge of the literature Ãâà · Independent thinking Ãâà · Critical analysis Ãâà · Ability to conceptualise Ãâà · Ability to synthesise Ãâà · Contextual awareness PLAGIARISM for further details consult University Regulations Plagiarism is considered by Glasgow Caledonian University to be a very serious offence, which can result in severe penalties. The regulations concerning this area are complex and students are strongly advised to study the definitions and interpretations that are contained in Appendix 8 of the University Assessment Regulations. It is vital that all students, particularly those submitting dissertations, have read and understood this section of the Universitys Assessment Regulations. Plagiarism is defined in the Assessment Regulations as the deliberate and substantial unacknowledged incorporation in students work of material derived from the work (published or unpublished) of another. Essentially, to plagiarise means to steal from the writing or ideas of another. Whilst the writings and ideas of others form an important part of academic work, in particular the dissertation, the work of others however must be clearly identifiable and distinguished from the students own writings and ideas. Failure to acknowledge properly the work of others is plagiarism, whether or not you intended to represent the work as your own. Examples of plagiarism include: Ãâà § The use of anothers material or ideas without due acknowledgment of the source. Ãâà § Copying the work of another student with or without that students knowledge or consent. Ãâà § Deliberate use of commissioned material or data collected by another and passing it off as the students own. To avoid any possible allegation of plagiarism being made it is important to represent the writings of another person properly: q In the case of a short section of text that is taken unchanged from anothers work, the text must appear within quotation marks with an acknowledgement to the original work using the surname, year, page number convention [Example: (Hammer, 2004, p4)]. q If a large section of text is taken unchanged, the selected text must be indented from both sides and appear within quotation marks with an acknowledgement given to the original work using the surname, year, page number convention [Example: (Hammer and Champy, 1993, p40-41)]. q Where an idea, argument or work of another is paraphrased, the paraphrased version should be sufficiently removed from the original text version so that obvious copying, with only minor changes being made to the text, does not occur. An acknowledgement must also be given to the original idea, argument or work using the surname year convention [Example: (Doswell, 1995)]. q Acknowledgement should be disclosed by the inclusion of a complete and comprehensive listing of all sources cited in the text. q The Harvard Referencing System is the recommended style for citation in the text and reference listing. References Blaxter, L, Hughes, C and Tight, M (2006) How to Research 3rd ed., Buckingham, Open University Press. European Commission Directorate-General for Education and Culture (2004) European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS): Key Features. Available HTTP: European Council (Education) (2002) Detailed Work Programme on the Follow-up of the Objectives of Education and Training Systems in Europe. Available HTTP: European Ministers of Education (1999) The Bologna Declaration. Available HTTP: European Union (2008) Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Establishment of the European Qualifications Framework for Lifelong Learning. Available HTTP: Morrison, J, Oladunjoye, G and Onyefulu, C (2007) An Assessment of Research Supervision: A Leadership Model Enhancing Current Practices in Business and Management in Journal of Education for Business, March/April, pp 212-219. Silbergh, D (2001) Doing Dissertations in Politics: A Student Guide, London, Routledge. Tuning Project (2007) Tuning Educational Structures in Europe. Available HTTP: APPENDICES Dissertation Supervision Meeting Summary Progress Form Sample Dissertation Title Page Presentation of Figures Tables Ethics Form Further Reading Contributors to Handbook Appendix 5 INDICATIVE READING General Texts: Blaxter, L. Hughes,C. and Tight (2006) How to Research 3rd Edn. Buckingham: Open University Brewerton P and Millward L (2001); Organizational Research Mathods; London; Sage Publications Easterby-Smith M, Thorpe R and Lowe A (2002); Management Research: An Introduction; London; Sage Publications Quinton S and Smallbone T (2006); Postgraduate Research in Business: A Critical Guide; London; Sage Publications Riley M, Wood R C, Clark A M, Wilkie E and Szivas E (2000); Research and Writing Dissertations in Business and Management; London; Thomson Learning Rudestam, K.E. and Newton R.R. (2000), Surviving Your Dissertation: A Comprehensive Guide to Content and Process 2nd ed., Newbury Park, Sage. Silbergh, D.M. (2001), Doing Dissertation in Politics: A Student Guide, London, Routledge Other Texts Journal Articles: Becker H S (1998); Tricks of the Trade; University of Chicago Press. Berry R (1994); The Research Project: How to Write It; 3rd Edition; Routledge. Booth W C (1995); The Craft of Research; University of Chicago Press. Bryman A (1988) (Ed); Doing Research In Organisations; Routledge; London. Burgess R G (1982); Field Research: A Source Book And Field Manual; Allen Unwin; London. Denzin N K (1989); The Research Act; 3rd Edition; Prentice Hall; Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Downey H K and Ireland R D (1979); Quantitative Versus Qualitative: The Case Of Environmental Assessment In Organizational Studies; Administrative Science Quarterly; Dec, v24, n4, p630-637. Eisenhardt K (1989); Building Theory For Case Study Research; Academy Of Management Review; v14, n4, p532-550. Gable G G (1994); Integrating Case Study And Survey Research Methods: An Example In Information Systems; European Journal Of Information Systems; v3, n2, p112-126. Giddens A (1978); Positivism And Its Criticisms; In A History Of Sociological Analysis; Bottomore T and Nisbet R (eds); Heinemann; London. Gill J and Johnson P (2002); Research Methods For Managers; 2nd Edition; Sage Publications Ltd, England. Gummesson E (1988); Qualitative Methods in Management Research: Case Study Research, Participant Observation, Action Research-Action Science, and Other Qualitative Methods Used in Academic Research and Management Consultancy; Chartwell-Bratt; Bromley, England. Hughes J (1980); Aspects Of Modern Sociology: The Philosophy Of Social Research; Longman Group Ltd; Essex, Great Britain. Hussey J and Hussey R (1997); Business Research; Macmillan. Jankowicz A D (2000); Business Research Projects for Students; Thomson. Jick T D (1979); Mixing Qualitative And Quantitative Methods: Triangulation In Action; Administrative Science Quarterly; Dec, v24, n4; p602-611. Marshall C and Rossman G B (1995); Designing Qualitative Research; Sage Publications Inc; California. Mason J (1996); Qualitative Researching; Sage; London. May T (1993); Social Research: Issues, Methods and Process; Oxford University Press. McKenzie G, Powell J and Usher R (1997) (Eds); Understanding Social Research: Perspectives On Methodology And Practice; Falmer Press; London, Great Britain. Mintzberg H (1979); An Emerging Strategy Of Direct Research; Administrative Science Quarterly; Dec, v24, n4; p582-589. Morgan G and Smircich L (1980); The Case For Qualitative Research; The Academy Of Management Review; Oct, v5, n4; p491-500. ODochartaigh N (2003); The Internet Research Handbook; Sage; London Orna E and Stevens G (1995); Managing Information for Research, Oxford University Press. Patton M Q (1990); Qualitative Evaluation And Research Methods; (Second Edition); Sage; Newbury Park CA. Van Maanen (1979); Reclaiming Qualitative Methods For Organizational Research: A Preface; Administrative Science Quarterly; Dec, v24, n4; p520-526. Yin R K (1981); The Case Study Crisis: Some Answers; Administrative Science Quarterly; March, v26, p58-65. Yin R K (1994); Case Study Research: Design And Methods; 2nd Edition; Sage Publications Inc; California. Research Topic Specific Journals: Research at the Masters Level requires significant attention to information published in quality journals. Some examples of Quality Journals are listed below: Academy of Management Journal Academy of Management Review Administrative Science Quarterly British Journal of Management California Management Review Employee Relations European Management Journal Harvard Business Review International Journal of Human Resource Management International Journal of Public Sector Management Journal of Knowledge Management Journal of International Business Studies Journal of Management Journal of Management Studies Knowledge and Process Management: The Journal of Corporate Transformation Long Range Planning Management Review MIS Quarterly Organisational Dynamics Organizational Studies NOTE: Many topic specific journals can also be accessed electronically via Glasgow Caledonian Universitys library page https://www.learningservices.gcal.ac.uk/library/resources/database.html USEFUL WEBSITES Glasgow Caledonian University Citing Referencing Guide: https://www.gcal.ac.uk/student/coursework/referencing/index.html Glasgow Caledonian Universitys Effective Learning Services Guide on Plagiarism: https://www.gcal.ac.uk/student/coursework/writing/plagiarism.html Please note that the required referencing system is the Harvard System. Appendix 6 Contributors to the development of this module handbook: This module handbook contains text prepared by D. Silbergh, S. Sockalingham, Lynn Black and John Moxen. However, they are not responsible for any errors that it might contain. meredithtaylhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04383045893146065377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8245928606389615345.post-77024626418783208712019-12-19T21:26:00.001-08:002019-12-19T21:26:03.699-08:00Introduction. I Have Been Asked To Write This Recommendation Introduction I have been asked to write this recommendation for Robert who is looking to invest his money of $20,000 into either Spark NZ Ltd or Ryman Healthcare Ltd. Robert is interested in his money being invested as he is focused on the potential growth which could occur over a period of time. Formed in 1987 Spark NZ Ltd (SPK) is a telecommunication company who provide a range of services not only specializing in mobile networks but broadband, and smartphones. Listed on the stock exchange firstly in 1991 as Telecom (TEL), in 2011 Chorus was split from this company creating one retail provider (Telecom) and one service provider (Chorus). In 2014 they announced a change in name to what we now know as Spark (SPK) creating a new andâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Also steadily increasing is the ROE ratio, this high ratio indicates a good conversion of the ownerââ¬â¢s contributions to profit. Ryman HealthCareââ¬â¢s probability graph has a trend of increasing at a fast rate (See Figure 2), this is shown predominantly by total revenue which has the largest growing slope, followed by EBITDA and NPAT. The broker Deutsche Bank have said to hold the shares in Ryman HealthCare while Forsyth Barr has said to buy the shares in this business. (RYMAN HEALTHCARE LIMITED - RYM (ORDINA RY SHARES), 2017) Through the analysis of Spark NZ Ltd and Ryman HealthCare Ltd, Ryman HealthCare has an increasing trend of both ratios, unlike Spark which has both positive and negative aspects to the ratios. Due to Ryman HealthCare having continued growth in profitability and an upward trend in the graph, with the brokerââ¬â¢s recommendation of buying shares, Ryman HealthCare has favorable profitability. Liqudity1 Are liquid assets available to these businesses? Liquidity is important to assess in a business due to ratios ââ¬Å"assessing how well the business can meet its short-term commitments or claims when they are dueâ⬠(Atrill, McLaney, Harvey, 2015, p. 265). An analysis of Sparks liquidity has shown that both the current ratio and acid test ratio have increased from 2015 to 2016Show MoreRelatedEssay Career Comparison944 Words à |à 4 PagesENGL 227 Formal Report Instruction In this assignment, students will work independently to write a short formal report that analyzes a situation and provides recommendations. This course project will satisfy TCOs 4, 6 and 8. Overview In this assignment, students will analyze two possible career choices, and then write a formal analytical report effectively presenting a recommendation to pursue one of the careers. This project has two parts: * Part one, the Table of Contents and IntroductoryRead MoreMountain Man Brewery1384 Words à |à 6 PagesJeff Dickinson BUS 656 Case Write up #2 Mountain Man Brewing Company Problem Statement Mountain Man Lagers main customer is an older generation, blue-collar worker, which make up a larger percentage of the sales. 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Quantitative and qualitative social researchers had a good debate because researchers compare meredithtaylhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04383045893146065377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8245928606389615345.post-64825496962503376352019-12-11T18:09:00.001-08:002019-12-11T18:09:02.934-08:00Louisiana Purchase and Exploration free essay sample The American spirit is shown through not only Lewis and Clacks desire to discover, but also f Thomas Jefferson, who had the courage to make a heavy decision regardless of any obstacles. In April of 1 803, France offered the sell the Louisiana Territory to the Americans. Many historians believe that financial difficulties, the imminent War with the British, as well as the failure to Stop a slave rebellion in Haiti caused Napoleon to offer Louisiana to the Americans.At the end of April, the United States agreed to pay eleven million, two hundred and fifty thousand dollars for Louisiana, which came out to be a little less than three cents and acre. The treaty was signed May 2, 1803, and on July , Thomas Jefferson announced the decision. Thomas Jefferson chose Meriwether Lewis to lead the expedition to travel the new territory. Lewis was born on August 18, 1774, and became a soldier. He helped subdue the Whiskey Rebellion, and eventually, in 1 801 , Jefferson asked Lewis to be his private secretary. We will write a custom essay sample on Louisiana Purchase and Exploration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Two years later, Jefferson asks him to lead an expedition to travel the newly purchased Louisiana Territory, and to take notes on all the different plants, animals, and people living there. Lewis learned about plants and herbal remedies from his mother, who was well known to be skilled in lath. Georgia Governor George Gilder said, Meriwether Lewis inherited the energy, courage, activity, and good understanding of his admirable mother. As a little boy, his step-father took him into the wilderness for a few days, and the little boy greatly enjoyed camp life, perhaps prompting an older Lewis to accept Jefferson request. Lewis wrote to his old friend William Clark, who served in the army with him in 1795, to help command the adventure alongside himself. Born in 1770, Clark was the younger brother of the Revolutionary war hero George Rogers Clark. Clark joined the army when he as nineteen, and after a while he resigned to take care of his familys estate. Clark was Lexiss captain while they were in the army, and helped keep the Waupaca Lewis on track. As an experienced soldier and outdoors, Clark kept the men going, and figured out the best routes to take.His excellent making skills helped other mapmakers understand the geography of the west. The next two years of exploration were marked with hardship and trials for Lewis and his crew. Beginning near SST. Louis, Missouri in May of 1 804, they defied dangerous waters, harsh weather, hunger, sickness, and fatigue. Lewis kept track of all occurrences and collected samples of plants and animals he came across. Many natives helped the expedition by providing supplies. They met up with Indians, who called themselves Snake Indians.At this time, fifteen year old Sewage became a part of the expedition, helping as an interpreter for future Indians. Later, Sewage was able to attain horses for the company. Even through many trials, the team persevered, proving their great audacity and uniqueness. On their trip, Lewis and Clark found many strange and wonderful new things. Prairie dogs and grizzly bears were among he hundreds of new animals found. Around fifty different Indian Tribes were met along the way.Many were friendly, but others, like the Yankton Sioux, who threatened the company who turned and fled. Lewis became the first American to see the Great Falls of the Missouri River. In November of 1 805, the travelers reached the Pacific Ocean, where Clark wrote his most famous words, Ocean in view! Oh joy. They spent the winter there after building Fort Scallops, which is in Oregon. Lewis kept samples of all their findings, even sending a prairie dog back to Jefferson. One the way back home, Lewis and Clark split up to look for a fast way home and to discover more territory.Blackest Indians tried to steal from Lewis and his men, and two Indians Were killed in the resulting conflict. Not long after, one of Lexiss men accidental shot Lewis in the thigh during a hunt. Lewis and Clark met up again at the Missouri River, and continued the trip home together with their men. The crew traveled around eight thousand miles total by foot, boat, and horse. After coming home, Lewis and his men traveled up to Washington and received a warm welcome at nearly every place they stopped at along the ay.Some towns even held special events in their honor. When they reached the capitol, Lewis was paid with not only money, but sixteen hundred acres of land and was made the governor of the Louisiana Territory. Clark became the Indian Agent for the West and the general of the Territorys militia. The men received double pay as well as three hundred and twenty acres of land. Meriwether Lewis died on October 12, 1809, at an inn near Nashville, Tennessee. Most historians believe he committed suicide, as he was prone to drinking and suffered with depression. meredithtaylhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04383045893146065377noreply@blogger.com0